PEMBA ISLAND, India —Tanzania. The coastal communities on Pemba Island, off the coast of Tanzania, have long depended on the rich marine resources of the Indian Ocean. But in recent years, fish stocks have declined due to overfishing, habitat loss, and the impacts of climate change. Many have had to seek new ways to earn a living. One alternative that has become increasingly important is seaweed farming, especially among women who are looking for additional income to support their families.
Tanzania is a major exporter of seaweed, particularly varieties used to make carrageenan. This substance is a common thickening and stabilizing agent found in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Seaweed farming has a low environmental impact when done on a small scale. It doesn’t require fertilizers, freshwater, or arable land, and it can even improve water quality in the areas where it is grown.
Despite these benefits, the local seaweed industry is facing serious challenges. Rising sea temperatures and ocean conditions are making it harder to grow healthy seaweed. At the same time, many farmers earn very little for their work. Most sell unprocessed seaweed at low prices because there are few local processing facilities for producing carrageenan. To support seaweed farmers and boost productivity, the Tanzanian government and The Nature Conservancy have introduced training programs focused on improving cultivation techniques. A new processing facility is also in development, offering hope for better income and long-term resilience in the face of mounting challenges.
Mongabay’s Video Team wants to cover questions and topics that matter to you. Are there any inspiring people, urgent issues, or local stories that you’d like us to cover? We want to hear from you. Be a part of our reporting process—get in touch with us here!
Banner image: Woman farming seaweed at Pemba Island, Tanzania. Image ©Franz Thiel.
Credits
