Number of tourists visiting Antarctica surges over past decade

Number of tourists visiting Antarctica surges over past decade
Rhett A. Butler, mongabay.com
September 15, 2005

Ice in the Southern Hemisphere

The number of sightseers visiting Antarctica has surged 308 percent since 1992 according to figures released in a report by the UN. For the 2004-2005 year, more than 27,000 people visited the icy continent.

In coming years, tourists may be increasingly drawn to the remote landscape as it faces the looming threat of global warming which could significantly impact its glaciers, wildlife, and ice flows. In 2002, scientists found that parts of Antarctica had warmed 1.5°C, while earlier this year, researchers reported in the Arctic, sea ice has decreased by about 8%, or more than 380,000 square miles, over the past 30 years and the ocean could have ice-free summers within a century. The sea could Antarctica could face a similar fate.

The influx of visitors, coupled with an increasing interest in adventure activities, has raised the stakes of Antarctic tourism in recent years. Operators are now offering camping, climbing, kayaking and scuba-diving in addition to the usual cruise-related diversions.

These new activities are presenting new management challenges and raising concerns over safety.

A composite satellite photograph of Antarctica from space. Image courtesy of NASA.

Antarctica

Antarctica is the coldest and driest place on earth and is almost entirely covered by ice.

The first reported sighting of the continent occurred in 1820 and the first verified landing in 1821 by the Russian expedition of Mikhail Lazarev and Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen.

Today Antarctica has no permanent population, although there are usually at least 1000 researchers there at any given time.

Antarctica is governed under the Antarctic Treaty which set aside the continent as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and banned military activity.

"The practical management of high-risk (adventure) tourism and its potential impact on national programmes and tour operators in terms of search and rescue operations for unsupported adventure tourists is a growing concern," says the United Nations Environment Programme in its "Question of Antarctica: Report of the Secretary-General." The organization has expressed the need for more rigorous control of tourism activities, both for safety of participants and to protect the delicate Antarctic ecosystem.

Despite these concerns, it is likely that tourism in the world's coldest place will flourish in coming years. The recent success of the documentary, "March of the Penguins," could further bolster interest in the frozen continent. Getting beyond the penguins, the question on many a visitor's mind, "What surprises does climate change have in store for Antarctica?"

Number of tourists visiting Antarctica

Year	Number of shipborne tourists	Number of tourist ships and sailing vessels	Number of voyages	Number of landbased tourists	Sightseeing flights
1992-93	6704	12		—	—
1993-94	7957	11	65	—	—
1994-95	8098	14	93	—	—
1995-96	9212	15	113	—	—
1996-97	7322	13	104	106	10
1997-98	9473	13^a	92^b	131	9
1998-99	9857	15^a	116	79	9
1999-2000	14623	21^a	154	139	31
2000-01	12109	32^a	131^b	127	25
2001-02	13458	37^a	117^b	159	15
2002-03	15687	47^a	136^b	308	15
2003-04	24318	51^a	180^b	517	19
2004-05	27324	52^a	207^b	878	13

a Includes sailing vessels/yachts where the information was available.
b Does not include sailing vessels/yachts.
This chart of tourist arrivals in Antarctica is derived from data available in the "Question of Antarctica: Report of the Secretary-General" by the United Nations Environment Programme .

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