Newsletter 2023-04-27

 

FEATURED

Indigenous women in Colombia protect rich Amazonian wetland from overfishing by Astrid Arellano — April 20, 2023

– Dozens of Indigenous women in Colombia’s Amazon are monitoring, managing, raising awareness and restoring a wetland ecosystem impacted by overfishing.
– After partnering with environmental organizations to establish a fishing agreement in the area, they have witnessed the increase and recovery of fish species such as sardines, catfish and the pirarucu (Arapaima gigas).
– The wetland area of Lake Tarapoto, located in the department of Amazonas in southern Colombia, provides a habitat for numerous aquatic animals and supports the livelihoods of 22 Indigenous communities.

Professional services abound for Amazon land grabbers seeking legitimacy by Fernanda Wenzel — April 25, 2023

– How does public land in the Brazilian Amazon, including chunks of protected areas and Indigenous territories, end up under private ownership?
– This investigation unveils the network of realtors and engineers who take advantage of Brazil’s disjointed land registration system to launder stolen land.
– Experts say the CAR land registry in particular, which was meant to prevent environmental crimes, has instead made land grabbing easier than ever.
– This article was originally published in Portuguese by The Intercept Brasil and is part of the Ladrões de Floresta (Forest Thieves) project, which investigates the appropriation of public land inside the Amazon and is funded by the Pulitzer Center’s Rainforest Investigations Network.

Mongabay Explores the Congo Basin: The ‘heart of the world’ is at a turning point by Mike DiGirolamo — April 25, 2023

– Mongabay Explores is a podcast series exploring the world’s unique places, species and the people working to save them.
– This first episode in our fourth season explores the Congo Basin, its vast biodiversity, environmental challenges and conservation solutions.
– Home to the world’s second-largest rainforest, it also contains unique flora and fauna found nowhere else and some of the world’s most carbon-rich peatlands.
– Featured on this episode are Conserv Congo founder Adams Cassinga and Joe Eisen, executive director of Rainforest Foundation UK, who discuss the roadblocks to protecting peatlands and rainforests from resource extraction, the challenges with foreign aid and the difficult situation locals face in a nation wracked by conflict and insufficient critical infrastructure.

Meet the 2023 Goldman Environmental Prize Winners by Liz Kimbrough — April 24, 2023

– This year marks the 34th anniversary of the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize, which honors one grassroots activist from each of the six inhabited continents.
– The 2023 prize winners are Alessandra Korap Munduruku from Brazil, Chilekwa Mumba from Zambia, Delima Silalahi from Indonesia, Diane Wilson from the U.S., Tero Mustonen from Finland, and Zafer Kızılkaya from Turkey.

We need to show that planetary wins are possible, says Dax Dasilva by Rhett A. Butler — April 24, 2023

– In 2021 Canadian entrepreneur Dax Dasilva donated $40 million to launch “Age of Union,” which supports conservation projects working to address climate change and the extinction crisis.
– Dasilva aims to bring a startup mentality to conservation, supporting grassroots, locally-led, and Indigenous-led projects with resources and guidance on scaling impact.
– Age of Union places a strong emphasis on storytelling to demonstrate that conservation efforts can have an impact, and has supported short documentaries and social media videos: “One of the main things we want to do is to show people that things can be done,” said Dasilva. “The worst outcome would be for people to stop believing that we’re out of time and that there’s nothing left to do.”
– Dasilva spoke about his passions, his philosophy on conservation, and more during a March 2023 conversation with Mongabay Founder Rhett A. Butler.

Counterintuitive conservation: Fire boosts aquatic crustaceans in U.S. savannas by Ashli Blow — April 21, 2023

– In an interesting twist, two kinds of rare American freshwater crustaceans have been found to thrive after prescribed burns in their habitats.
– Populations of vernal pool fairy shrimp in Oregon and several species of threatened crayfish on the Gulf Coast increased after the removal of invasive plants, woody shrubs and trees from their habitats using fire or mechanical means.
– Fairy shrimp populations were shown to increase more than fivefold following habitat treatments that featured fire, while speckled burrowing crayfish also responded positively following fires set to favor nesting of sandhill cranes (whose own population has soared since).
– Both areas are savanna ecosystems that have relied on frequent fires over millennia — whether naturally occurring or intentionally set by Indigenous peoples — to maintain the open habitats to which myriad organisms have adapted.

NEWS

New ‘snug,’ a snail with a too-small shell, described from Brunei rainforest by Basten Gokkon — April 27, 2023
– A group of researchers and citizen-scientists have identified a new semi-slug species, Microparmarion sallehi, from the lowland rainforests of northern Borneo Island.
– Their study suggests there may be some half a dozen other species from the same genus waiting to be described, highlighting the rich biodiversity of this region.
– For this description, the local and international scientists involved students and laypersons in the team on a combined program of biodiversity training and exploration.
– The study authors note that scientific knowledge of Southeast Asian slugs in general is lacking due to low collection samples, meaning the prospects for describing a new species is high.

Saving forests to protect coastal ecosystems: Japan sets historic example by Annelise Giseburt — April 27, 2023
– For hundreds of years, the island nation of Japan has seen various examples of efforts to conserve its coastal ecosystems, vital to its fisheries.
– An 1897 law created protection forests to conserve a variety of ecosystem services. “Fish forests,” one type of protection forest, conserve watershed woodlands and offer benefits to coastal fisheries, including shade, soil erosion reduction, and the provision of nutrients.
– Beginning in the late 1980s, fishers across Japan started planting trees in coastal watersheds that feed into their fishing grounds, helping launch the nation’s environmental movement. Although the fishers felt from experience that healthy forests contribute to healthy seas, science for many years offered little evidence.
– New research using environmental DNA metabarcoding analysis confirms that greater forest cover in Japan’s watersheds contributes to a greater number of vulnerable coastal fish species. Lessons learned via Japan’s protection and fish forests could benefit nations the world over as the environmental crisis deepens.

Kelp forests contribute $500 billion to global economy, study shows by Elizabeth Claire Alberts — April 26, 2023
– New research suggests that kelp forests generate up to $562 billion each year by boosting fisheries productivity, removing harmful nutrients from seawater, and sequestering carbon dioxide.
– The findings suggest that kelp forests are about three times more valuable than previously believed, contributing the equivalent of Sweden’s entire GDP to the global economy.
– However, experts say that kelp forests are generally overlooked and undervalued, and that many of these ecosystems are under threat worldwide.

Violence escalates in Amazonian communities’ land conflict with Brazil palm oil firm by Karla Mendes — April 26, 2023
– Indigenous and Afro-Brazilian communities in Brazil’s Pará state have accused the country’s top palm oil exporter, Brasil BioFuels S.A. (BBF), of violence during attempts to repossess in a disputed area in the Acará region on April 12 and 16.
– The company denies the accusations, saying it’s the community leaders who attacked its employees, holding 30 of them “in private captivity for three full days due to the blocking of the road.”
– The Federal Public Ministry in Pará said it’s investigating the action of armed militias and private security companies in the region, and possible crimes and irregularities by palm oil companies.
– The Public Defender’s Office questioned the legitimacy of the injunction used to justify the repossession as it was issued by a civil court instead of the due agrarian court; a hearing with an agrarian judge is scheduled for April 28.

Resurgence of deadly Russell’s viper prompts Bangladesh to develop antivenom by Abu Siddique — April 26, 2023
– Reports of bites from Russell’s viper, the deadliest snake on the Indian subcontinent, have increased in Bangladesh since 2013.
– At least 20 deaths were recorded from 17 of Bangladesh’s 64 districts between 2013 and 2016, all attributed to Russell’s vipers.
– Researchers attribute this to improvements in farming intensification, which means rats — the snake’s prey of choice — are present in crop fields year-round, whereas before they were only there for part of the year.
– Snakebites are a significant cause of illness and mortality in Bangladesh, with an estimated 6,041 deaths annually, but Bangladesh still relies on imported antivenom — although a newly established Venom Research Centre aims to address this shortcoming and boost research on the country’s venomous snakes.

A mountain of gold: Mining titles threaten Indigenous lands in Guainía, Colombia by Jose Guarnizo — April 26, 2023
– A potential gold rush is awaiting in the surroundings of the Mavicure Hill and the Fluvial Star of Inírida, two of Colombia’s particular ecosystems. Authorities approved 13 proposals for mining concession contracts for extracting gold and gold concentrates.
– Mongabay Latam and Vorágine visited the Indigenous communities surrounding the Fluvial Star of Inírida. Their residents now live in a climate of uncertainty because of the promises of a better future based on mining. There is simultaneously ignorance and enthusiasm about the prospect of new jobs.
– Mining has not started yet in the area, and there is already division surrounding this issue in the Remanso Chorrobocón Indigenous Reserve. Some people view mining positively, but there are also complaints that the mining titles are being managed in the name of the Indigenous people, even though they have not been consulted.

High-carbon peat among 1,500 hectares cleared for Indonesia’s food estate by Hans Nicholas Jong — April 26, 2023
– A number of reports have found that an Indonesian government program to establish large-scale agricultural plantations across the country has led to deforestation.
– More than 1,500 hectares (3,700 acres) of forests, including carbon-rich peatlands, have been cleared in Central Kalimantan province for the so-called food estate program, according to a spatial analysis by the NGO Pantau Gambut.
– Last year, the NGO Kaoem Telapak detected 100 hectares (250 acres) of deforestation in food estate areas in North Sumatra.
– Villagers whose lands have been included in the program have also reported an increase in the severity of floods since their forests were cleared to make way for the food estates.

South Africa: Little hope in green transition in town with “the dirtiest air in the world” by Anna Majavu — April 26, 2023
– The majority of South Africa’s coal production is in the northern province of Mpumalanga, along with 12 of the country’s 15 coal-fired power stations.
– Research carried out in the coal town of Carolina finds women here suffer ill health due to the surrounding mines, as well as sexual harassment and marginalization from formal jobs in the industry.
– Women surveyed for a report nonetheless said they fear for their future if the province’s coal industry is closed down as part of a transition to less-polluting power generation.
– They called for a greater role for women in decision-making, better education about climate change in both classrooms and communities, and for transparency over companies’ green transition plans.

How do you study one of the world’s rarest whales? by Dana Wright — April 25, 2023
– Researcher Dana Wright is one of a handful of scientists studying one of the world’s rarest creatures, the North Pacific right whale.
– With about 500 individuals remaining, and its eastern population that swims off the coast of North America totaling perhaps 30 individuals, it’s so rare that in a decade of research, she has yet to see a living individual of the population, though her colleagues have.
– How does one study a creature that’s so hard to document? With tools like bioacoustics, for example, and Wright has listened to tens of thousands of hours of recordings to aid the conservation of these endangered animals.
– The team continues to develop new approaches to solving the mystery of these whales’ migratory patterns and biology with a goal of identifying — and then protecting — the location of their winter calving grounds.

Community pine nut harvests help protect Brazil’s araucaria trees by Carolina Pinheiro — April 25, 2023
– Pine nuts from the araucaria trees of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina are driving a chain of sustainable production involving more than a dozen municipalities from the mountain region of the southern Brazilian state.
– With devastating logging by the timber industry, the original extent of araucaria forests has fallen by 98%; today, keeping the trees standing — and selling their nuts – has proven to be a better alternative source of income for the communities living in the highland area.
– Despite these conservation efforts, legal obstacles persist: 70-90% of araucaria pine nut sales take place informally, which opens the way to middlemen, while low levels of mechanization in the production chain hinder the chances of expansion.

Red coral kukri sightings in Bangladesh prompt call to save rare snake habitat by Rafiqul Islam — April 24, 2023
– The red coral kukri (Oligodon kheriensis) is endemic to a small region of the Himalayan tracts of northern India and Nepal; the snake species was first spotted in Uttar Pradesh in India in 1936.
– For the first time, the rare species was found in Bangladesh on Oct. 27, 2020, while locals were digging soil in a bamboo bush in Panchagarh district; this indicates an expansion of the snake’s distribution range.
– In northern Bangladesh, land use patterns have changed, making forests highly fragmented, indicating that habitat loss, forest degradation and fragmentation are major threats to the species.
– Experts suggest taking immediate conservation measures in the areas where the red coral kukri is found by imposing specific measures to stop the destruction of bamboo bushes and forests.

The more degraded a forest, the quieter its wildlife, new study shows by Carolyn Cowan — April 24, 2023
– Tropical forest researchers are increasingly using bioacoustics to record and analyze ecosystem soundscapes, the sounds that animals make, which in turn can be used as a proxy for forest health.
– Researchers studying soundscapes in logged rainforests in Indonesian Borneo have tested a novel approach that could provide a reliable and low-cost way for conservation agencies and communities to monitor tropical forest health.
– Their new method, which partitions animal groups into broad acoustic frequency classes, offers a stop-gap method for measuring acoustic activity that could be used in the short-term until more detailed artificial intelligence and machine-learning technology is developed.
– During their study, they found that animal sounds diminished and became asynchronous in forests disturbed by selective logging, factors that could be used as proxies for disturbed habitats.

Sri Lanka aims to restore ancient irrigation tanks in climate change plan by Malaka Rodrigo — April 22, 2023
– Sri Lanka’s well-recognized village tank cascade systems, ancient irrigation structures that interconnect small tanks for rainwater-reliant cultivation, are a remarkable adaptation and mitigation strategy practiced on the island for dealing with extreme climatic conditions.
– Some of the tank cascade systems are likely to have been built around 500 BCE and continue to function sustainably, though not at full capacity; experts are calling for their restoration with extreme care to ensure optimum functionality.
– Recognized as a globally important agricultural heritage system by the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), most of these tanks are now neglected and under pressure from the changing climate, land use, population and agricultural intensification, despite their value as a unique climate adaptation plan.
– Sri Lanka’s dry zone has more than 14,000 small ancient village tanks with many still in good shape, supporting 246,000 hectares (608,000 acres) of paddy cultivation, about 39% of the total irrigable area, but poor maintenance has rendered many others dysfunctional.

At the United Nations, Indigenous Ryukyuans say it’s time for U.S. military to leave Okinawa by Joseph Lee — April 21, 2023
– Opponents of the latest U.S. military base in Okinawa, Japan, are calling for urgent intervention by the United Nations to halt the construction of the new base, release military groundwater test data on toxic spills, and close all 32 U.S. military bases.
– The new facility and other military bases have been linked to toxic environmental pollution and construction threatening marine species, along with historical land conflicts between native Okinawans and the mainland Japan and U.S. governments.
– Latest water tests by the Okinawa government reveal PFAS levels up to 42 times higher than Japan’s national water standards with contamination found in drinking and bathing water for roughly 450,000 people.
– Amid rising tensions with China and efforts to counter its influence in the region, Japan and the U.S. cite Okinawa’s proximity to Taiwan and location in the Indo-Pacific as a strategic reason for maintaining bases on the island.

Scramble for clean energy metals confronted by calls to respect Indigenous rights by Sarah Sax — April 21, 2023
– At the world’s largest gathering of Indigenous peoples in New York, mining for critical minerals is at the top of the agenda as the push for the clean energy transition gains steam worldwide.
– Indigenous leaders are calling on countries and companies to create binding policies and guidelines requiring the free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC) of communities over clean energy mining projects that seek to explore and extract these minerals on their lands or in ways that affect their livelihoods.
– Such binding policies will be very difficult for government, companies and investors to abide by, says an executive, as it gives communities the capability to decline on highly-profitable projects and strategies part of national energy transition goals.
– Indigenous leaders also highlight FPIC as a framework for partnership with such projects, including options for equitable benefit-sharing agreements or memorandum of understanding, collaboration or conservation.

Camera trap images of rare gorillas with infants bring hope in DRC by Liz Kimbrough — April 21, 2023
– Camera traps in the Tayna Nature Reserve in the Democratic Republic of Congo have recorded two mother-infant pairs of eastern lowland gorillas, confirming the presence of healthy family groups in one of their last strongholds.
– This subspecies is critically endangered, with only 6,800 individuals left in the world, and is threatened by hunting, deforestation and mining activities
– Gorilla Rehabilitation and Conservation Education (GRACE) operates the world’s only sanctuary for rescued eastern lowland gorillas, and employs local communities in a key role in monitoring efforts in Tayna.

Report warns of rising violence against environmental defenders in Mexico by Maxwell Radwin — April 21, 2023
– A new report from the Mexican Center for Environmental Law (CEMDA) says the country is experiencing a rise in violence against environmental defenders, who suffer everything from intimidation to kidnapping to murder.
– The violence spans the country and numerous economic sectors, including mining, urban expansion, infrastructure, logging, agriculture and energy.
– In total, CEMDA counted 197 instances of aggression in 2022 — nearly double from the previous year — of which 24 resulted in death.
– CEMDA called on the government to improve protections for sensitive ecosystems and cultural patrimony while deprioritizing harmful industries like mining and hydrocarbons.

Conserve wildlands in southern Africa by protecting Indigenous rights (commentary) by Daniel Kaul — April 21, 2023
– The COP15 agreement and its pledge to preserve 30% of the world’s biodiversity by 2030 (30×30) sounded like a resounding success for conservation, but not if it comes at the expense of Indigenous communities.
– Conservation groups and Indigenous populations both protect biodiversity, but the ‘fortress conservation model’ of the past all too frequently has pitted these groups against each other.
– “In southern Africa [we] have seen the fortress conservation model affect the lives of local stewards of the land, time and time again,” the author of a new op-ed writes.
– This post is a commentary. The views expressed are those of the author, not necessarily of Mongabay.

After historic storm in New Zealand, Māori leaders call for disaster relief and rights by Joseph Lee — April 21, 2023
– After Cyclone Gabrielle hit New Zealand and mostly impacted Indigenous Māori homes, Māori delegates attending the United Nation’s conference on Indigenous peoples say the government has left them out of recovery services and funding.
– The delegates hope their presence at the United Nations forum will increase pressure on the New Zealand government to include Māori people in disaster recovery plans, provide more support for Indigenous-led climate initiatives, and fully implement the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
– Māori knowledge, known as Mātauranga Māori, has been increasingly included in climate and conservation projects across the country as part of the ‘Vision Mātauranga’ framework, but it has also attracted fierce debate on its status within the scientific community.

Indigenous Maasai ask the United Nations to intervene on reported human rights abuses by Joseph Lee — April 21, 2023
– Maasai delegates at the United Nations conference on Indigenous people are calling on the forum to increase pressure on the Tanzanian government to address evictions, forced displacement and thousands of seized cattle in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area and Loliondo.
– Land disputes at both sites have been grinding on for years after the government revealed plans to lease the land to a UAE-based company to create a wildlife corridor for trophy hunting and elite tourism.
– Last year, the dispute reached a boiling point when Tanzanian police officers and authorities shot and beat dozens of Maasai villagers who protested the demarcation of their ancestral land. One Maasai man and one police officer have been killed.
– At the United Nations forum, a Tanzanian government representative rejected accusations brought against it, pointing to a recent court ruling in its favor and a visit by an African human rights commission.

Parasites of the Caribbean: Study pinpoints cause of sea urchin die-off by Elizabeth Claire Alberts — April 21, 2023
– Once abundant in the Caribbean, long-spined sea urchins (Diadema antillarum) experienced a mass die-off in the early 1980s, contributing to coral reef deterioration.
– Another die-off occurred in 2022, leading to a further decline in coral reef health in some parts of the Caribbean.
– A new study has identified the culprit: a parasite called a ciliate that took over the sea urchins’ bodies and quickly killed them.
– While researchers are still trying to determine how this disease is transmitted, they say it’s possible that climate change played a role.

Scientists make ‘rare’ new identification of snake family: Micrelapidae by Mactilda Mbenywe — April 21, 2023
– A multinational team of researchers has identified a new family of snakes, Micrelapidae, which live in East Africa and the Middle East.
– These small, rear-fanged venomous snakes are thought to have diverged from the rest of the evolutionary tree 50 million years ago and since evolved separately as a distinct family.
– Kenyan researchers hope the news will aid efforts to raise awareness of snakes and their importance to the ecosystem, as it is common for people in Kenya to fear – and kill – snakes.

Home to rare corals, a Chilean fjord declines in spite of protection by Barinia Montoya — April 21, 2023
– The Comau Fjord, in the Chilean region of Patagonia, is one of the only sites in the world where the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus lives just 5 meters (16 feet) below the sea surface.
– The easy access to these animals, which elsewhere live at extreme depths, motivated a group of scientists to study them.
– Their research brought new information to light about the corals’ biology and also revealed that the Comau Fjord is at serious risk.

Deforestation in Borneo threatens three endangered, endemic plant species by Basten Gokkon — April 21, 2023
– The rampant deforestation for monoculture plantation and logging in western Indonesian Borneo has exacerbated the extinction risks of three plant species endemic to the island’s riparian lowland rainforests, a new study said.
– The researchers are calling for stricter protection of the forest fragments as a key conservation strategy for the three plant species and for further research to be done to better understand the species’ population status so as to improve their management.
– The island of Borneo, which is split between Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, has for the last few decades lost more than a third of its forests due to fires, logging, mining and industrial plantations, particularly oil palms.

‘Don’t buy Brazilian gold’: Q&A with Indigenous leader Júnior Hekurari Yanomami by Sam Cowie — April 20, 2023
– Júnior Hekurari Yanomami is a leader of the Yanomami people in Roraima state, Brazil, where he founded an organization to aid his people after working as a health worker.
– In a Mongabay interview, the Indigenous leader called for a boycott of Brazilian gold and said he hoped for efforts to find long-term solutions to keep illegal miners out of the Yanomami territory.
– In early March, Júnior led a campaign to raise international awareness about Amazonian gold by awarding wooden statuettes to Oscar nominees.

Norway proposes opening Germany-sized area of its continental shelf to deep-sea mining by Elizabeth Claire Alberts — April 20, 2023
– Norway has proposed opening up a Germany-sized part of the Norwegian Sea to deep-sea mining.
– The area holds considerable quantities of minerals needed for renewable energy technologies, such as magnesium, cobalt, copper, nickel and rare-earth metals.
– The Norwegian government and industries say they will take a precautionary approach to this deep-sea mining.
– However, critics say plans should be progressing more slowly to properly assess the marine environment and the possible impacts of mining, and the Norwegian government received numerous responses during a public consultation period arguing that the country should not mine its deep sea.

Feathered forecast: Tech tools comb weather data for bird migrations by Abhishyant Kidangoor — April 20, 2023
– Since its launch in 1999, the BirdCast project has used weather radar data to track and forecast bird migrations across the U.S.
– In recent years, technology such as cloud computing and machine learning have helped make the work of researchers in the project easier and more automated.
– Studying bird migrations is essential not only to help protect them, but to also analyze and understand environmental health.
– The BirdCast project is now working on integrating radar data with human observations and bioacoustics to help identify the bird species traversing the skies.

Chilean chinchilla faces new threat from copper mine near national reserve by Michael Lieberherr Pacheco — April 20, 2023
– Las Chinchillas National Reserve is the only place in the world dedicated to the protection of the Chilean chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera), a species that was considered extinct at the beginning of the 20th century and remains endangered today.
– In 2002, the construction of a road divided the reserve, threatening the survival of these animals; as compensation, the Ministry of Public Works promised to expand the protected area, though this measure is yet to materialize and a new mining project is seeking to set up just 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) from the reserve.
– The Chilean chinchilla is not the only species affected; Las Chinchillas National Reserve is also home to foxes, opossums, Chilean iguanas, various cats and other species under some degree of threat.

Mining may contribute to deforestation more than previously thought, report says by Maxwell Radwin — April 20, 2023
– A new report from WWF says there are still considerable discrepancies about how mining-related deforestation is occurring, and why.
– Most mining-related deforestation is driven by gold and coal. Other minerals like bauxite, iron ore and copper are also major drivers.
– Mining clears the forest to dig excavation pits and access roads. But the report stressed that more attention needs to be paid to the indirect impacts of mining, such as the construction of infrastructure for energy, processing and storage, as well as local economic development that leads to in-migration and settlements.

EU parliament passes historic law forcing companies to track deforestation by Maxwell Radwin — April 20, 2023
– A law passed by the European Parliament requires companies working in cattle, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, rubber, soy and wood to demonstrate their products aren’t sourced to deforested land or land with forest degradation, or else risk heavy fines.
– Companies will have to submit “due diligence” reports showing they took proper steps to verify the origins of their products while also complying with countries’ local regulations on human rights and impacts on Indigenous people.
– Critics say the legislation may still lack the teeth to prevent deforestation, especially if political pressure from traders forces EU countries to overlook their noncompliance with the new regulations.

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