- In late October, 125 computer science students from across the United States gathered at JPMorgan Chase’s Jersey City office for the Code for Good hackathon.
- At this competition, a panel of environmental non-profits presented issues, such as promoting sustainable behavior and tracking park visitor patterns, as prompts for teams of students to construct digital prototypes.
- Creating software to address resource use and conservation challenges can both inspire computer engineers to engage in social and environmental activism and provide instrumental products for conservation.
In a high-rise just across the Hudson River from Manhattan, a conference room echoed of clacking keyboards as fluorescent lamps glared down on whiteboard scribbles and hunched shoulders. This was no research lab or policy-changing legislative office, and about as far from a natural landscape as one can get. So what did this hackathon have to do with conserving natural resources or combating climate change?
Hackathons have risen as a method to quickly produce software products for environmental applications. Typically over the course of a marathon day or weekend, teams of participants, usually experienced coders, conceptualize an idea or design, tirelessly work on it, and then pitch the product (or at least the most complete version they have made) to a panel of judges or the other participants.
In late October, JPMorgan Chase (JPMC) hosted a hackathon in Jersey City, New Jersey as part of its Code for Good series. Bright young software engineers from across the United States came together to brainstorm technological solutions for environmental non-profit clients. After being selected via a competitive application process, 125 undergraduate students participated in 18 hours of non-stop computer programming.
Independent initiative and drive are critical to maintain focus throughout the long night, but so is cooperation, as students are assigned to teams with complete strangers.
During the opening introductions of each Code for Good event, a panel of non-profit representatives presents the problems they face that could potentially be addressed by a software solution, and student teams use this information to conceive tools or applications. At this hackathon, the non-profits ranged from the Central Park Conservancy, a local group vested in preserving New York City’s Central Park, to Rare, a multinational environmental organization that targets protection and sustainable use of natural resources across the globe.
“The idea of the overall program is about corralling passion,” said Ali Morano, Global Head of the JPMC Technology for Social Good branch, the bank’s team that assists pro bono non-profits in technology services. “Some of our clients were having trouble ideating – ‘I know I need this thing, but I’m not quite sure what it will look like,’” Morano said. “So we thought, what if we did [a hackathon] for social good?”
Hacking for behavioral change
In the Jersey City event, Rare challenged student competitors to design a product that could encourage broad adoption of sustainable behaviors in everyday life, an intentionally broad prompt to allow creative coding freedom. The Central Park Conservancy asked for a method to collect data on where visitors go and what they do during their time in the park, which could help the Conservancy set funding priorities.
Students of Team 18 were attracted to Rare’s pitch. Their aim was a mobile app to engage university students in competitions to build sustainable habits such as recycling plastics and taking shorter showers. Logging such behaviors would rack up points for one’s school on a national leaderboard.
“We’re not targeting environmentalists per se, we’re trying to target everyone else,” said Nahum Getachew, who attends New York’s Columbia University. Karim Sabar of the University of Texas, Austin, added, “If you see your school at the bottom of an environmental leaderboard…that’s going to give a really bad impression.” After brief deliberation, the team settled into their seats and began coding away.
None of the students that spoke to Mongabay had enrolled in any college course related to conservation. But construction of platforms that motivate people to change simple behaviors doesn’t require extensive biological or sociological training. “I think the majority of what we’re doing here is common sense,” said Revathi Bhuvaneswari of Fordham University, another participant. “We’re constantly bombarded by news headlines, and we know what we can do. So this is using knowledge that we already have.”
Software engineers are armed with skills and tools that many career conservationists may not have: as digital architects, for example, they can build applications that take advantage of existing online platforms. The combination of tapping into social media networks and providing challenges, reflected by Team 18’s target product of a mobile app leaderboard, are “two elements rooted in behavioral insights,” said Brian Ullman, Vice President of Marketing and Communications of RARE. “Gamification of the process is one of the best ways to motivate human behavior,” which in this case, could result in sustainable habit-building.
Rare’s original charter was rooted in endangered species preservation (hence, rare) through pride promotion campaigns, and the group now focuses on adjusting human-environment interactions. In August 2017, Rare opened its Center for Behavior & the Environment to support activities and technologies that foster behavioral change.
“We believe that technology can help spread an idea or a behavior at a speed and at a scale that cannot be done by personal contact,” Ullman said. “It has the ability to reach many people very quickly, and that’s what climate change needs: behavior change at scale.”
A prominent example of successful use of technology– in this case, social media– and human competitive nature for a charitable cause was the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, a 2014 activism campaign. As a bystander filmed, an individual would dump ice-cold water on himself/herself and post the video to a social media platform. This would give the frozen challenger the right to demand three friends to do the same within 24 hours or donate to a research foundation on ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis). In August 2014 alone, the ALS Association received around $100 million, over five times the sum of donations from the previous fiscal year.
Targeted hackathons like Code for Good capitalize on that same competitive nature by pitting hackers against each other to kindle new ideas. Social good hackathons have caught on in the past decade, and high-publicity global events are held annually. During the fourth annual Fishackathon, which took place in 40 countries worldwide, teams created products to improve the sustainability of marine systems. The global winner built a sensor that could be deployed in marine protected areas to detect illegal poaching activity up to 50 kilometers (31 miles) away and alert local authorities. JPMorgan Chase recognized the potential for positive impact (and public relations) by adopting a hackathon series, and launched Code for Good in 2012.
Conservation practitioners have encouraged such collaborations with finance and technology institutions, as well as with the public, to achieve sustainability, research, and protection goals, including development of hardware and program software for the explicit purposes of sustainability and natural resource conservation.
The Code for Good hackathon opened the eyes of some of the coders present. In her final presentation, one student stated, “we didn’t realize there were these non-profits…for us to bring our technical skills to.”
And the winner is…
After a long night of coding, late-night pizza, and enough caffeine to keep a small village awake, Team 18 had nearly completed their design of a sustainable behavior app. Their plan had taken a winding course with a fair number of roadblocks, and crunch time was nigh. With minutes to spare, they submitted their software designs and breathed a sigh of relief.
Six of the 21 teams competing were named finalists, and Team 18 was one of them. Another quick dash to throw presentation slides together, and they found themselves on a stage pitching their product to the entire student audience and panel of judges. Other finalist teams had produced a data-harvesting survey of Central Park visitors, a website dashboard for non-profit administrators to effectively manage volunteers, and a map display of environmental activism and community gardening events.
The judges then convened behind closed doors to discuss the projects. Who would take the grand prize? It was Team 1, which had designed a mobile app that surveyed visitors to collect data on Central Park attractions and pulled data on visitors from the Instagram photo application.
After two long days, the sleep-deprived students stumbled onto their planes to return to Monday classes, but it is not the end of the line for their new prototypes. Over the next eight months, JPMC’s Technology for Social Good team will continue to collaborate with the non-profit clients to gauge what they need and synthesize the most effective components of student software into functional systems. Although 24 hours may not be enough to enact longstanding change, such hackathons sow the seeds of creativity that then sprout into a fully blossomed product.
Will the hackathon convince these students to pursue a career at a nature conservation non-profit? Unlikely. Recruitment to JPMorgan was a priority for event organizers as well as the students, and the lucrative job offer was on everyone’s mind. One anonymous student said, “I actually have a job offer to do software engineering, and I was hoping to get one from JPMorgan. We’ll see how that goes.”
Converting computer science students into conservation practitioners may not, in fact, be the ideal outcome. Non-profit conservation organizations cannot tackle global environmental issues single-handedly, Ullman said, so mining the perspective of those outside the conservation community is important. The student computer engineers, he added, could act as a “built-in focused group. We get immediate, real-time feedback from early adopters of tech, and a view of how technology can help scale [positive, sustainable] behaviors.”
Ullman appreciated the participants’ skills. “We don’t know enough to build an app—they bring a perspective and expertise that is complementary to ours,” Ullman said.”[And] there is value in explaining climate change and behavior change to 125 people in the next generation, who don’t know a lot about it.”
The students also felt invigorated by their role in positive impact. As Nahum of Team 18 put it, “this has been by far my favorite hackathon. We made something good…[which] is a welcome change.”
In the realistic near future in which almost all college students will receive instruction on computer science, a generational cadre of coders for social and environmental good is not far-fetched.
Citation
Berger‐Tal, O., & Lahoz‐Monfort, J. J. Conservation technology: The next generation. Conservation Letters, e12458.
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