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 [data] => ‘Unprecedented’ Supreme Court bill threatens Indigenous rights in Brazil 
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 [data] => 19 Mar 2025 18:49:31 +0000 
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						Alexandre de Santi
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							Amazon, Brazil, Latin America, and South America
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							agribusiness, Agriculture, Amazon Agriculture, Amazon Destruction, Amazon People, Climate Change, Conflict, Deforestation, Drivers Of Deforestation, Environment, Environmental Law, Governance, Indigenous Communities, Indigenous Groups, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Reserves, Indigenous Rights, Land Conflict, Land Grabbing, Land Rights, Politics, Rainforest Deforestation, Threats To Rainforests, and Threats To The Amazon
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								- Presented in February by Supreme Court Justice Gilmar Mendes, a draft bill violates Indigenous people’s constitutional rights by stripping their veto power against impactful activities on their ancestral lands and adding further obstacles to an already long land demarcation process. - Critics say the Supreme Federal Court’s act is “unprecedented” in Brazil’s history by an institution that’s entitled to protect Indigenous and minorities’ rights — as dictated by the Constitution. - The move comes months after the same court decided those Indigenous rights couldn’t be stripped by a legislative bill, with the support of Mendes. - Critics say the bill “brings together the main threats to Indigenous peoples” and “directly contradicts the Brazilian Constitution, the decisions of the Supreme Court itself and international human rights law.”
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							Karla Mendes
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							Indigenous rights in Brazil have been at stake for decades: land invasions, increasing violence and congressional bills against territorial rights enshrined by the 1988 Federal Constitution. But now the latest threat has come from the Supreme Court through a draft bill to open up Indigenous territories to mining and other economic activities, an “unprecedented” move in Brazil’s history by an institution that’s entitled to protect the rights of minorities — and the Constitution, Indigenous rights’ advocates said. “There is no similar precedent in the Supreme Court’s history,” said Maurício Guetta, deputy coordinator for policy and law at the Instituto Socioambiental (ISA), a nonprofit that advocates for Indigenous and environmental rights. “It’s not up to the Supreme Court to initiate bills on a subject like this.” As set by the Federal Constitution, “the Supreme Federal Court [STF] is primarily responsible for guarding the Constitution,” including judging laws that violate it. Presented in February by Justice Gilmar Mendes, the draft bill violates Indigenous people’s constitutional rights by stripping their veto power against impactful activities in their ancestral lands, such as mining operations, hydroelectric power plants, and the construction of roads as well as adding further obstacles to an already long land demarcation process, advocates said. Aiming to change article 231 of the Constitution, the draft bill “brings together the main threats to Indigenous peoples,” said Luis Ventura, executive secretary of the Missionary Council for Indigenous Peoples, an advocacy group affiliated with the Catholic Church. The draft bill allows any citizen to access…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/unprecedented-supreme-court-bill-threatens-indigenous-rights-in-brazil/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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 [data] => Rep from American Samoa calls for opening protected Pacific waters to tuna fishing 
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						Rebecca Kessler
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							United States
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							Biodiversity, Conservation, Environment, Fish, Fishing, Food Industry, Industry, Marine Protected Areas, Overfishing, Protected Areas, Saltwater Fish, and Tuna
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								- U.S. Congresswoman Amata Radewagen, who represents American Samoa, has urged the Trump administration to reopen most of Pacific Islands Heritage (PIH) Marine National Monument, a vast protected area in the Central Pacific Ocean, to industrial tuna fishing. - Radewagen’s request came in a letter to President Donald Trump dated Jan. 23. It was accompanied by a background document that called for an executive order opening all Pacific marine national monuments and national marine sanctuaries to tuna fishing. - Conservationists sharply criticized Radewagen’s move, while a tuna trade group supported it. - Some details of the letter and background document, which Radewagen’s office shared with Mongabay, have not previously been publicly reported.
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							Edward Carver
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							U.S. Congresswoman Amata Radewagen, who represents American Samoa, has urged the Trump administration to reopen most of an enormous marine protected area in the Central Pacific Ocean to industrial fishing while also recommending the reopening of other Pacific MPAs. In a Jan. 23 letter to President Donald Trump, Radewagen called for his administration to open the vast majority of the Pacific Islands Heritage Marine National Monument (PIH) to commercial tuna fishing. PIH, which is larger than the U.S. state of Texas, is an area of exceptional biodiversity. Radewagen’s letter called reopening it an “immediate need” that would benefit the country’s economy and challenge “Chinese fishing dominance.” She also sent Trump a background document that, among other requests, called for an executive order to open all Pacific marine national monuments and national marine sanctuaries to tuna fishing and to withdraw the U.S. from efforts to develop large marine protected areas in international waters. Some details of the letter and background document, which Radewagen’s office shared with Mongabay, have not previously been publicly reported. Members of the PIH Coalition, an advocacy group based in Hawai‘i that includes scientists, fishers and Indigenous leaders, criticized Radewagen’s move. “I think it’s foolish,” Rick Gaffney, a PIH Coalition member and fisheries expert, told Mongabay. Gaffney said conservationists have been fighting to ensure a future for fisheries in the Pacific, which is why MPAs like PIH were created: “to be sure that these extremely remote and unique island areas are protected so that they continue to be…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/rep-from-american-samoa-calls-for-opening-protected-pacific-waters-to-tuna-fishing/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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 [data] => Oil spill in Ecuador’s Amazon devastates rivers and wildlife refuge 
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						Shreya Dasgupta
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							Amazon, Ecuador, and South America
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							Amazon Biodiversity, Amazon Conservation, Amazon Rainforest, Biodiversity, Conservation, Disaster, Disasters, Endangered Species, Environment, Oil, Oil Spills, Rainforest Destruction, Rainforests, Rivers, Threats To Rainforests, Threats To The Amazon, Tropical Rivers, Wildlife, Wildlife Conservation, and Wildlife Trade
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								<img src="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/03/19163249/WhatsApp-Image-2025-03-19-at-00.32.073-1-100x100.jpeg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Oil spill in Ecuador’s northwestern Esmeraldas municipality. Image courtesy of Eduardo Rebolledo Monsalve." decoding="async" loading="lazy" />A massive oil spill in Ecuadorian Amazon, in the northwestern Esmeraldas province, has covered multiple rivers and a key wildlife refuge in thick, black sludge, impacting more than half a million residents. A rupture appeared in a 500-kilometer (310-mile) pipeline operated by the state-owned oil company Petroecuador on Mar. 13, according to a statement by […]
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							Shanna Hanbury
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							A massive oil spill in Ecuadorian Amazon, in the northwestern Esmeraldas province, has covered multiple rivers and a key wildlife refuge in thick, black sludge, impacting more than half a million residents. A rupture appeared in a 500-kilometer (310-mile) pipeline operated by the state-owned oil company Petroecuador on Mar. 13, according to a statement by the company. Following this, crude oil flowed downstream for more than 80 kilometers (50 miles) through the Esmeraldas River and its tributaries towards the mouth at the Pacific Ocean. Witnesses described a “geyser” of oil erupting for up to seven hours, according to marine biologist Eduardo Rebolledo Monsalve of the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador’s Esmeraldas campus. Monsalve has been canvasing the region to assess the damage. “The entire southern shore of the Esmeraldas River is completely saturated with oil,” Monsalve told Mongabay by email. He added that two of its tributaries, the Viche and Caple rivers, have turned anoxic, meaning they have lost all oxygen. “The spill means a temporary loss of aquatic life, with long-term damage depending on environmental conditions such as rainfall and river flow,” Monsalve said. “I estimate that in smaller rivers, the impact could last around three years if the rainy seasons are mild.” Local authorities declared an environmental emergency on Mar. 14, with the mayor of the city of Esmeraldas, Vicko Villacis, stating that the “disaster is causing unprecedented ecological damage.” Petroecuador said it is still determining the volume spilled. The pipeline transports up to 360,000 barrels of crude…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/03/oil-spill-in-ecuadors-amazon-devastates-rivers-and-wildlife-refuge/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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						Jeremy Hance
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								- The legal wildlife trade is worth $220 billion annually and involves at least 70,000 species, yet data on its sustainability is scarce, especially for species not listed under CITES, the global wildlife trade convention. - CITES only covers a fraction of traded species, and most countries lack standardized, publicly available trade data, making it difficult to assess threats to biodiversity. - The rise of online marketplaces and demand for exotic pets, including lesser-known species like arachnids and woodlice, is driving unsustainable harvesting, often before regulations can catch up. - Researcher Alice Hughes, from the University of Hong Kong, proposes shifting to a “green listing” system where only preapproved species can be traded, combined with real-time monitoring, genetic barcoding, and digital tracking to improve enforcement and sustainability.
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							Spoorthy Raman
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							Since the dawn of civilization, humans have traded wildlife and wildlife products, such as ivory, shells, fur and feathers. Over the centuries, the trade has evolved, involving sophisticated networks, tens of thousands of species, and hundreds of billions of dollars in value. While well-managed wildlife trade can sustain livelihoods, the greed for profit has driven many species — at least 500, according to some estimates — to local and global extinctions. In 1973, 80 members of the IUCN, the global wildlife conservation authority, got together to prevent unsustainable trade in wildlife and signed a legally binding global treaty on the international wildlife trade called the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), which took effect in 1975. Fifty years on, 185 countries are signatories to the convention, and more than 40,000 species of plants and animals are listed in its three appendices. CITES serves as a global database of legal trade in those species. While most conversations around wildlife trade tend to focus on the illegal trade, the legal trade is at least 10 times higher in value. A 2022 CITES report estimates that the legal global wildlife trade is valued at $220 billion per year — almost half the value of Canada’s imports from the U.S. in 2023. Despite this significant value, experts say we have very little data to assess whether the legal wildlife trade is sustainable or not at local, regional or global scales. This is especially true for most species not listed on CITES, as…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/both-legal-and-illegal-wildlife-trade-need-better-monitoring-interview-with-alice-hughes/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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						Hayat Indriyatno
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								- Nearly 200,000 people have signed a petition urging U.K. multinational Jardine Matheson to halt the expansion of the Martabe gold mine in Indonesia’s Batang Toru Forest, home to the critically endangered Tapanuli orangutan. - Agincourt Resources, a subsidiary of Jardine’s Astra International, plans to clear up to 583 hectares (1,441 acres) of forest for a new mining waste facility, which conservationists warn will push the Tapanuli orangutan closer to extinction and harm other protected species. - Environmental groups accuse Jardines of misleading sustainability claims and the Indonesian government of failing to enforce conservation laws, despite awarding Agincourt a “green” compliance rating. - Protesters have demanded Jardines adopt a “no deforestation, no peat, no exploitation” (NDPE) policy for its mining operations and provide clarity on conflicting deforestation figures and the compliance of its expansion plan with its approved permits.
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							JAKARTA — Nearly 200,000 people have signed a petition calling on U.K. multinational Jardine Matheson to cancel its plan to expand deeper into Indonesia’s Batang Toru Forest, the only known habitat of the world’s most threatened great ape, the Tapanuli orangutan. Jardines is the parent company of Indonesian conglomerate Astra International, which in turn is the parent of Agincourt Resources, the company operating the Martabe gold mine in northern Sumatra. From 2016 to 2020, Agincourt cleared 100 hectares (about 250 acres) of forest in its concession. And it’s set to clear even more under its expansion plan, which calls for a new site for its mining waste, or tailings, as the current tailings facility nears capacity and production is expected to ramp up. Location of the Martabe gold mine in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Under the plan, laid out in the company’s 2020 environmental impact assessment, 583 hectares (1,441 acres) will have to be cleared for the tailings site, service roads, a dam and a buffer zone, according to Riezcy Cecilia Dewi, a campaigner at Indonesian environmental NGO Satya Bumi. She said this is much larger than the total 98 hectares (242 acres) that Agincourt stated in January 2024 would be needed for the tailings facility and for slope stability and drainage. But regardless of how much deforestation the expansion plan entails, any clearing of the native forest will be devastating for the survival of the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis), Riezcy said. The critically endangered species has a total estimated population…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/global-outcry-as-petitioners-demand-no-mining-expansion-in-orangutan-habitat/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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						Latoya Abulu
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							Biodiversity, Conservation, Endangered Species, Environment, Infrastructure, Mangroves, Protected Areas, Wetlands, and Wildlife
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								- The proposed Alcântara Port Terminal in Brazil’s northeastern state of Maranhão is set to be constructed within the Reentrâncias Maranhenses, a protected mangrove area and Ramsar site on the Amazonian coast. - Researchers and local Quilombola residents fear the port will impact the area’s protected wetlands and cause a disturbance to breeding bird colonies and marine species. - The construction of the port will destroy several freshwater lagoons found within the island, sea turtle nesting grounds, and the fishing areas of the local communities.
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							Aimee Gabay
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							Along the Amazonian coastline in Brazil’s northeastern state of Maranhão, plans are underway for a port project that will cover part of an important Ramsar wetland that connects to a vast area of mangroves. A Mongabay estimate found that, based on a company map of the port and 2020 data of the ecosystem, it could impact 341.59 hectares (844 acres) of mangroves. The 1,180-hectare (2,916-acre) Alcântara Port Terminal will be constructed within the Reentrâncias Maranhenses environmental protection area (APA), a Ramsar site. The protected area is connected to four other important wetland sites nearby, which together form one of the largest continuous area of mangroves in the world. It is home to the critically endangered hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and other vulnerable species such as the West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) and Atlantic goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara). The company behind the project, Grão-Pará Multimodal, and Brazil’s Ministry of Environment did not respond to Mongabay’s requests for comment by the time of this publication. Brazil’s minister of integration and regional development, Waldez Góes, said in a press release the project is “well-structured in terms of social, environmental, green infrastructure and renewable energy commitments.” Environmental impact assessments, however, are not yet complete. The port would be connected to the Maranhão Railway (EF-317) and the government expects it to boost the region’s economy and help transport iron ore extracted from the state of Pará’s Carajás mine to China and European countries, as well as food and other commodities. Luiz Jorge Diaz, an assistant…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/planned-port-project-threatens-protected-amazonian-mangrove-biodiversity-and-local-livelihoods/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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						Shreya Dasgupta
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							Animals, Biodiversity, Conservation, Endangered Species, Environment, Mammals, Marine Conservation, Oceans, Protected Areas, Rainforests, Rewilding, Wildlife, Wildlife Conservation, and Wildlife Trade
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								<img src="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/03/19132446/Giant-Anteater-walking-100x100.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="A giant anteater in the Argentinian wetlands. Image courtesy of Rewilding Argentina." decoding="async" loading="lazy" />March 20 marks World Rewilding Day. Established just four years ago by the Global Rewilding Alliance, the day celebrates the herculean effort behind rebuilding ecosystems and reminds us that nature can bounce back. Mongabay has reported on rewilding efforts from Southeast Asia to South America and beyond, with teams restoring habitats and releasing captive-bred species […]
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							Shanna Hanbury
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							March 20 marks World Rewilding Day. Established just four years ago by the Global Rewilding Alliance, the day celebrates the herculean effort behind rebuilding ecosystems and reminds us that nature can bounce back. Mongabay has reported on rewilding efforts from Southeast Asia to South America and beyond, with teams restoring habitats and releasing captive-bred species back into the wild, giving nonhuman animals space to thrive again. A songbird returns to Brazil’s Cerrado In Brazil, the great-billed seed finch (Sporophila maximiliani) has returned to the Cerrado savanna after being locally extinct for more than half a century, contributor James Hall reported. At first sight, the critically endangered small brown bird appears rather plain, but its striking singing voice trapped it into the illegal pet trade, with some birds sold for as much as $8,000. Since 2018, conservationists have released more than 300 captive finches into a nature reserve in southeastern Brazil. Post-release monitoring has shown they’re adapting well to the wild and have begun to breed and nest. Zebra sharks set for comeback in West Papua On the other side of the world, in the waters of Indonesia’s Raja Ampat archipelago, the striking zebra shark (Stegostoma tigrinum) was considered functionally extinct, with a population of just 20 individuals remaining. To recover their numbers there, scientists working at the Shark Reef Aquarium in Las Vegas, U.S., shipped hundreds of shark eggs back to the archipelago, with the hope of having at least 500 individuals swimming free in its waters over the coming…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/03/world-rewilding-day-four-species-bouncing-back-from-the-brink-of-extinction/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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								- The documentary ‘Plastic People: The Hidden Crisis of Microplastics’ reveals microplastics have been found in human brains, placentas, and virtually every organ, highlighting a global environmental and health crisis. - Executive producers Rick Smith and Peter Raymont explore how humans are becoming “plastic people” with microplastic contamination beginning before birth and persisting after death. - Nations are negotiating a UN treaty on plastic pollution to address the estimated 400 million tons produced annually, with experts calling for eliminating unnecessary plastic use and banning toxic formulations. - The film will be screened in Washington, DC, on March 29 at the 2025 DC Environmental Film Festival, where Mongabay is a media partner.
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							In a lab in Türkiye, researcher Sedat Gündoğdu zooms in on the image of a small red fiber. For the first time on film, viewers are witnessing microplastics in the human brain. The moment is emblematic of an emerging environmental and health crisis affecting nearly every corner of life on Earth, from the deepest depths of the ocean to the blood in our veins. Microplastics, it seems, are everywhere. The award-winning documentary Plastic People: The Hidden Crisis of Microplastics follows science journalist Ziya Tong as she examines her own body for microplastic contamination and traces the latest microplastic science and solutions around the globe. The thesis: we are all becoming “plastic people.” “I was surprised at the ubiquity of microplastics in the human body,” Rick Smith, executive producer of the documentary, said in an interview with Mongabay. The film grew out of Smith’s 2020 reporting for The Globe and Mail, in which he worked with scientists to test his own body for microplastics. “The question isn’t, ‘do we have microplastics in us?’” Smith said. “The question is, ‘how much?’ And the question isn’t where in the human body microplastics exist. The question is, ‘where doesn’t it exist?’ We haven’t actually found a human organ without measurable microplastic levels yet.” The film takes viewers on a global journey, tracking researchers who are finding microplastics not only in the environment but in human bloodstreams, brains and placentas. Recent studies confirm these findings, showing that microplastics have infiltrated virtually every part of the…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/microplastic-within-humans-now-a-health-crisis-interview-with-plastic-people-filmmakers/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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							Asia, India, and South Asia
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							Animals, Biodiversity, Cities, Climate, Climate Change And Conservation, Conservation, Ecological Restoration, Environment, Green, Happy-upbeat Environmental, urban ecology, and Urban Planning
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								<img src="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/03/19120029/10110747645_d12a14c5df_k-100x100-1.jpg" class="attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image" alt="Image of a board at the entrance to Aravalli Biodiversity Park in New Delhi. Image by ccarlstead via Flickr (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)." decoding="async" loading="lazy" />New Delhi, India’s capital, struggles with numerous environmental challenges, including extremely poor air quality during winter and heat waves in summer. But it also offers a hopeful example of urban ecological restoration: the city has created seven “biodiversity parks” on previously degraded land, reports contributor Nidhi Jamwal for Mongabay India. The Aravalli Biodiversity Park (ABP), […]
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							New Delhi, India’s capital, struggles with numerous environmental challenges, including extremely poor air quality during winter and heat waves in summer. But it also offers a hopeful example of urban ecological restoration: the city has created seven “biodiversity parks” on previously degraded land, reports contributor Nidhi Jamwal for Mongabay India. The Aravalli Biodiversity Park (ABP), a 280-hectare (692-acre) park located near an upscale neighborhood, is now a thriving forest of native plants. It’s become a popular spot for walkers and an educational hub for school and university students. However, until the early 2000s, the area was heavily degraded by intensive sand mining. Invasive plants like Prosopis juliflora, a type of mesquite, took over the entire landscape, said M. Shah Hussain, the scientist who heads the ABP restoration team. The Delhi Development Authority (DDA), along with the University of Delhi, began restoring the mined area in 2004. Today, three previously abandoned deep mining pits serve as conservatories for butterflies, ferns and orchids. “Looking at the green cover and forest sprawl now, it is hard to imagine that this portion of the Aravalli was a degraded wasteland pockmarked with abandoned mining pits two decades ago. There were piles of debris [mining waste] everywhere,” Hussain told Mongabay India. A second site, the Neela Hauz Biodiversity Park, is home to a lake that was once a dumping ground for untreated sewage; today, it’s been restored as wetland ecosystem. The 3.88-hectare (9.6-acre) biodiversity park has a “constructed wetland” that treats wastewater before it flows into…This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/short-article/2025/03/new-delhi-transforms-degraded-lands-into-biodiversity-parks/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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							Biodiversity, Conservation, Documentary, Ecological Restoration, Elephants, Environment, Interviews, Oceans, Pollution, Research, Sea Turtles, and Wildlife
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							Documentary films have the power to shape how we understand nature. They offer a deeper look into the planet’s challenges, bringing people together through shared experiences and inspiring action.  As a media partner for the 2025 Environmental Film Festival in the Nation’s Capital (DCEFF), Mongabay is featuring exclusive interviews with the makers of this year’s standout documentaries. From the return of wolves to Yellowstone to a young journalist investigating conflict in Kenya, to efforts to protect turtles in India, these films explore conservation, human-wildlife coexistence, and environmental justice in a changing world. Through these conversations, Mongabay examines the research, storytelling and creativity that bring these issues to life. DCEFF runs from March 20–29 in Washington, D.C.This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/specials/2025/03/beyond-the-screen-dceff-2025/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>
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