Toxin from ‘translucent doughnut’ could produce cancer treatment
Toxin from ‘translucent doughnut’ could produce cancer treatment
UT Southwestern Medical Center
February 5, 2007
A toxin derived from a reclusive sea creature resembling a translucent doughnut has inspired UT Southwestern Medical Center researchers to develop a related compound that shows promise as a cancer treatment.
In a study appearing online this week in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the UT Southwestern scientists detail how the toxin blocks uninhibited reproduction of cultured human cancer cells while leaving healthy cells unaffected.
An accompanying study in PNAS shows that, in pre-clinical trials, a synthetic form of the toxin reduced human tumors implanted in mice without the harmful side effects seen using other cancer drugs. “Diazonamide is a special molecule — it’s teaching us more than we imagined,” said Dr. Patrick Harran, professor of biochemistry and a senior author on both studies.
“This is a truly exciting result,” said Dr. John Schwab, a program officer at the National Insti tutes of Health’s National Institute of General Medical Sciences, which partly funded the work. “Not only has this UT Southwestern team identified a potent anti-cancer drug, but its unique mode of action avoids the kinds of side effects that make cancer chemotherapy so difficult. It’s a great example of how NIH support for fundamental chemical research can benefit the American health-care consumer.”
The animal, Diazona angulata, is a sea squirt a few inches wide that lives in colonies anchored to rocks. It was discovered offshore of the Philippines in 1990 as scientists were looking for species that might lead to useful drugs. From a few specimens, scientists extracted a tiny amount of a toxin, diazonamide A, which the animal probably uses to repel predators.
The toxin proved to kill cancer cells in culture, but so little of its natural form was available that a race soon began to synthesize it in the laboratory.
This is a modified and abbreviated news release from UT Southwestern Medical Center