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Scientists look at primate conservation at conference in Brazil Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology July 22, 2005 Below is a sampling of some of the primate conservation-related papers submitted for the conference. All descriptions are excepts from the official "Book of Abstracts" from the meeting. More abstracts. BOUBLI, JEAN P.; Pontual, Francisco; Santos, Fabiana C.; Strier, Karen B. Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA, USA, jpboubli((AT))yahoo.com (JPB). Estacao Biologica de Caratinga, MG, Brazil (FBP, FCS). Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, WI, USA (KBS). The 990 ha disturbed secondary forest fragment of EBC supports some 226 muriquis, representing the highest known density for the species. We investigate the ecological basis for this high density and describe our habitat regeneration and sustainable development project. Despite its disturbed state, results from our 5 ha botanical sampling show that tree diversity at EBC is relatively high (150 species/ha) including a large number of climax species. Our feeding data, indicate that the high density of muriquis is partly due to muriquis' opportunistic feeding on a combination of leaves and fruits from pioneer and climax species. To insure the continu ed growth of this population, we are planting 16,000 saplings on abandoned pasture areas around EBC and placing a 10 km fence. We have received volunteer help from neighboring farmers that have learned to understand the importance of habitat preservation, not only for the sake of the muriqui, but also for the productivity of their farms. We hope to develop a basis for habitat regeneration in the region that can be used to implement a much larger project of CI-Brasil to connect the largest remaining tracts of Atlantic Forest of Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo by means of regional-scale corridors. "SHRINKING HOME": HOW DOES HABITAT FRAGMENTATION AFFECT BROWN HOWLER MONKEYS' (Alouatta guariba clamitans CABRERA, 1940) LIFESTYLE? BICCA-MARQUES, JÚLIO CÉSAR. Faculdade de Biociên- cias, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil, jcbicca((AT))pucrs.br. Brown howlers are known for their ability to survive in both intact and disturbed habitats of varying size. Although they have been the focus of a considerable research effort throughout their distribution, whether their ecology and behavior vary accordingly to the size of the available habitat is unknown. Here I present the results of a metanalysis involving 13 long-term researches on the effect of habitat fragmentation on their use of space, diet composition, and activity budget. Specifically, I determined through regression analysis whether logged forest fragment size predicts home range size, daily path length, diet diversity, contribution of leaves, fruits, and flowers to the diet, and time spent resting, feeding, and moving. Though several of these variables showed a large variation, fragment size predicted only the number of plant species used as food sources (r2 =0.515, n=10, F-ratio=8.494, p=0.019). As forest fragments shrink so do their plant diversity and the howlers' menu. In conclusion, brown howlers cope with increasing habitat fragmentation without showing directional changes in most aspects of their ecology and behavior. However, they are not safe in fragments on a long-term basis because of their higher vulnerability to hunting, predation, diseases, food shortages, and inbreeding depression in these habitats. FOLIVORES MONKEYS, FOREST FRAGMENTS AND URBAN SPRAWLING, A CASE STUDY IN THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF BELO HORIZONTE, MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. COSTA, CLAUDIA GUIMARÃES; Assunção, Maíra de Lourenço; Resende, Saulo R. O. Museu de Ciências Naturais da PUC Minas, Av. Dom José Gaspar, 290, Prédio 40, 30.535-610 / Centro Universitário do Leste de Minas Gerais (Unileste, MG) cacau((AT))pucminas.br or claudiagc((AT))unilestemg.br (MLA) Curso de Ciências Biológicas da PUC Minas Betim. (SROR) Sete Soluções e Tecnologia Ambiental, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, saulo((AT))sete-sta.com.br. Conservation efforts are difficulted by political or economical issues, and strategies for developed countries may not be appropriate for the tropical under development world. Efforts to minimize environmental impact of different undertaking such as real state development are extremely necessary. This development is taking place at the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte city, in a Protection Area (APA Sul). This project has the goal of monitoring a primate species, Callicebus nigrifrons, evaluating it's status in three different periods; before, during and after the development starts in order to obtain a long term dataset. The monitoring is conducted using a census method by play-back on the surrounding and the real state development area. Four groups of C. nigrifrons were found in three different forest fragments. We encountered a group of four individuals on the forest fragment A, a group of three on forest fragment B, and two groups on the forest fragment C with four individuals and one adult female respectively. The data on vegetation conditions (physiognomy, structure and connectivity) appears to support the mantainance of the groups. The monitoring will continue in 2005-2006 making possible an evaluation and comparison of the species status in different periods of the development implantation DEMOGRAHPIC AND GENETIC EFFECTS OF INTENSE PREDATION IN AN ISOLATED POPULATION OF GOLDEN LION TAMARINS. DIETZ, JAMES M.; Ballou, Jonathan; Baker, Andrew J. Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA, (JMD). Conservation and Research Center, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington DC 20008, USA (JB). Zoological Society of Philadelphia W. Girard Ave., Philadelphia PA 19104, USA (AJB). Since 1986 we continuously monitored 13 reproductive groups (187 group years) of golden lion tamarins in the 6300ha Poço das Antas Reserve, Brazil. Here we report changes in demographic and genetic parameters resulting from three "waves" of intense predation in this forest fragment. Prior to 1993, predation onABSTRACTS Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, July 2005 tamarins was rare and typically resulted in the death of one individual per event. Subsequently the predation rate increased during three periods of two to three years each. At maximum, predation rate quadrupled and often resulted in loss of multiple individuals including breeding adults. Rate of breeder loss increased from one/ 5.9yrs to one/1.7yrs. Tamarins have a high reproductive capacity and initially showed little change in offspring production and survival. However, subsequent predation pulses reduced offspring production by 42% and offspring survival by 61%. Population size rebounded significantly following each wave of predation but continued predation pressure of the current magnitude is predicted to result in population extinction in about 16yrs. Genetic analysis suggests that each wave of predation caused significant genetic turnover in the population as long-standing breeding groups were replaced with newly formed groups containing individuals from outside the study population. Genetic change is reflected by a reduced mean kinship in the population relative to values prior to predation events PROTECTION OF GOLDEN LION TAMARIN (Leontopithecus rosalia) HABITAT IN PRIVATE LANDS. FERNANDES, ROSAN V.; Schmidt, Marcio A. R.; Rambaldi, Denise M.;. Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Caixa Postal 109968, Casimiro de Abreu, RJ 28860-970, Brazil, rosan((AT))micoleao.org.br. The Atlantic Forest hotspot is restricted to 7% of its original range, but is one of the richest Brazilian biome. The golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia) is endemic from the lowland Atlantic Forest of the Rio de Janeiro State and endangered due to loss and habitat fragmentation. Using the PHVA - Population and Habitat Viability Assessment, we understood that the public protected areas have no enough area to ensure a long term viable population. To save them, 2,000 wild tamarins are needed as well, 25,000 ha of protected forests. Public protected areas comprise 8,800 ha. To increase the amount of protect habitat, a program to support the creation of Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) was established. IBAMA - Brazilian Environmental Agency is encharged of recognizing the RPPN and give the tax exemption status to the area, that can only be created if it is the desire of the landowner. So far, 17 RPPNs were recognized in the golden lion tamarin occurence area, adding 2,500 ha of habitat. Beside that, other 30 areas are to be created and will add about 4,700 ha. Nowadays, Silva Jardim is the county that has the largest number of RPPNs: PREDICTING THE POTENTIAL THE INVASION OF EXOTIC MARMOSETS (Callithrix spp.) IN SOUTHEASTERN ATLANTIC FOREST: GENETIC CONTAMINATION OF ENDEMIC MARMOSET. FONSECA, RAFAEL L.; Bueno, Rafael; Guimarães, Paulo R.; Galetti, Mauro. Centro de Referência em Informação Ambiental (CRIA), Av. Romeu Tórtima 388, 13084-520, Campinas, SP, Brazil and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Agroecossistemas, ESALQ/USP, 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil (RLF); Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), CP 199, 13506-900 Rio Claro, SP, Brasil (RB, MG); Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Caixa Postal 6109, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil (PRG) Instituto de Biologia da Conservação (IBC), Av. P-13, 293, Vila Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil rafael((AT))cria.org.br (MG). Exotic species is one of the main threat to biodiversity loss. However, very little attention has been made on the effects of genetic contamination of the introduction of primates in forest fragments. Two species of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus, and C. penicillata) has been intentionally introduced all over Brazil, increasing considerably their range. Apparently, these species hybridizes in the wild and captivity will endemic species of southeastern Brazil. Understanding which regions marmosets potentially can invade and, thus, being able to predict spatial distribution over the atlantic forest are essential methods to help in conservation policies and biocontrol programs. Here we used the Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction software (Desktop GARP) to predict th e potential distribution of exotic marmosets in the Atlantic forest of Brazil. Our results indicate that the potential distribuiton of exotic marmosets encloses great part of the distribution of endemic, native marmosets, such as C. aurita and C. flaviceps. Thus, our results remarks to the importance of effective management plans aimed to eliminate the two introduced species NEW POPULATIONS OF THE GREY-SHANKED DOUC LANGURS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLAND OF VIETNAM. HA, LONG THANG. Wildlife Research Group, Anatomy Department, University of Cambridge, Selwyn College, Grante Street, CB3 9DQ, Cambridge, United Kingdom, tlh28((AT))cam.ac.uk. A research on distribution of a Vietnam's endemic primate, the grey-shanked douc langurs (Pygathrix cinerea) was carried out from 25th of July to 30th of November, 2004 in Kon Cha Rang natural reserve area, Kon Ka Kinh national park and buffer zone area. The result has show that the grey-shanked douc exist in both the protected forests and in the buffer zone. It is the first time that the grey-shanked douc langur was observed at the elevation of 1400m. The boundary of the species the South Vietnam is much larger than what it has been knew. Confirmation of their distribution go up to the latitude 14013'N. The main habitats are primary forest and secondary forest. Forest type is moist evergreen forest (900-1300m). Relative density estimate recorded that 49% of transects was found occurrence of the species. The DNA analys ing pointed out that population of grey-shanked douc langur in Kon Cha Rang genetically close to the populations found in Ba To, Quang Ngai. Main threats to the species are hunting, logging and wildlife trading. Conservation of the grey-shanked douc is challenged by logging activities in the area which supposed to become a corridor between to protected forest CURRENT CONSERVATION STATUS OF THE YELLOW-BREASTED CAPUCHIN MONKEY (Cebus xanthosternos). Kierulff, M. Cecília M.; Santos, Gabriel R.; CANALE, GUSTAVO R.; Guidorizzi, Carlos E.; Cassano, Camila R.; Gouveia, Priscila S.; Gatto, Cassiano A.F.R. Conservação Internacional, Av. Getúlio Vargas 1.300 7o andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.112-021, Brazil (MCMK); Instituto de Estudos Sócio- Ambientais do Sul da Bahia - IESB, Rua Major Homem Del Rey Ilhéus, BA, 45652-180, Brazil (GRS, GC, CEG, CC, PSG, CAFRG). Cebus xanthosternos is endemic to a restricted area of the Atlantic Forest of eastern Brazil and one of the 25 most endangered primates in the world. In 2002-2004, we conducted a survey of remaining yellow-breasted capuchin populations throughout its original distribution in order to establish the current status of the species and to identify precisely the threats to its survival. The study has shown that C. xanthosternos is one of the most hunted primates for subsistence and it is the preferred pet of the local people. The densities found for the species are very low and a group of 15 individuals needs around 400 ha to survive. The remaining populations are fragmented and isolated and there is no forest large enough to support a viable population of C. xanthosternos. Simulations using the Vortex have shown that small population size and hunting are the main cause of the populations extinctions, and the management of the species as a metapopulation will be possible (or recommended) only in few areas - due to the distance between forests, and after a genetic analyzes - we found geographic variation in the color pattern of populations located in the extremes of the species distribution SEED DISPERSAL DISTANCE BY GOLDEN LION TAMARINS (Leontopithecus rosalia): CONTRIBUTION FOR THE RAIN FOREST CONSERVATION. LAPENTA, MARINA J.; Procópio de Oliveira, Paula. Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, IB-USP; marina((AT))micoleao.org.br (MJL). Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado (AMLD). C.P. 109-995 Casimiro de Abreu, RJ-Brasil 28860-000 (MJL, PPO). Two groups of golden lion tamarins were studied from April, 2003 to March, 2004, in the União Biological Reserve, RJ. Seed dispersal and diet data were collected during six complete days each month. All the trees where the tamarins eaten fruits were marked and the position were located in a map of the area. Also all the tamarins feces collected with seeds had their registered position. The distance of seed dispersal was calculated for 131 defecations (33 species) through ArcView GIS 3.2 (Environmental System Research Institute) - Animal movement extension to Arcview ver. 2.0. The mean distance for all species was 110,2 meters and vary from 0 (for Calycorectes sp.1) until 748,13 meters (Cecropia pachystachya). The seed dispersal through long distances may help pioneer trees to invade gaps inside forest, where the adults' densities are very low. The Golden Lion Tamarin Association, as a tool for the tamarin conservation, is establishing forest corridors, linking isolated populations located on fragments. This work will help in the chosen of plant species to be used in the corridors, fundamental for the species conservation and their habitat restoration ECOLOGY AND HABITAT USE OF THE MONK SAKI MONKEY (Pithecia monachus) IN SOUTHEASTERN PERU: A DIETARY GENERALIST WITH A PERPLEXING DISTRIBUTION. PALMINTERI, SUZANNE; Powell, George; Collado, Edgard. World Wildlife Fund-US, 1250 24th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20037 USA, suzanne.palminteri((AT))wwfus.org, (SP, GP). World Wildlife Fund-Peru Program Office, Trinidad Morán 853, Lince, Lima-14, Peru (EC). The little-studied monk saki monkey (Pithecia monachus) inhabits rainforest canopies in the western Amazon, from Colombia to Bolivia. Its patchy distribution- evidenced by its scarcity or absence from heavily-studied areas in two large national parks in southeastern Peru, well within its range- makes its study important forXIX Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology ABSTRACTS conservation planning. We monitored the daily movements, hab itat use, and behavior of three troops of P. monachus in high terrace and floodplain forests in southeastern Peru. We collected preliminary ecological data, including feeding samples of over 60 different seeds or fruits, from over 20 tree families, consumed between June - December, 2004. The sakis also fed extensively on invertebrates. The groups maintained areas of between 20 and 35 hectares with minimal overlap; their varied diet, predominated by seeds of immature fruits, may enable them to maintain small home ranges yet seems contradictory to the irregularity of the species' occurrence. Our results indicate that this species consumes a wide range of forest fruit/seeds and occupies relatively small areas, suggesting that some other factor contributes to its sporadic distribution A SUSTAINABLE ALLIANCE TO INCREASE HABITAT FOR NORTHERN MURIQUIS (Brachyteles hypoxanthus) AND WATER FOR NEIGBHORING FARMERS IN CARATINGA, BRAZIL. PONTUAL, FRANCISCO; Boubli, Jean P.; Mendonça, Janaína; Veado, Eduardo M.; Couto-Santos, Fabiana; Bragança, Antônio; Strier, Karen B. Estação Biológica de Caratinga, Caixa Postal 082, CEP 36950-000, Ipanema, MG, Brazil franciscopontual((AT))terra.com.br (FBP, JM, EV, FCS, AB). Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, San Diego, USA (JPB); Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA (KBS). The northern muriqui is a critically endangered primate species. One of the largest populations inhabits the 900ha of secondary forest at the Estação Biológica de Caratinga/ RPPN Feliciano Miguel Abdalla, MG, Brazil. A project to recover degraded areas was expanded in 2004 to increase the availability of habitat for the muriquis. The first step was to contact and mobilize the neighboring farmers towards a common goal. The lack of water was identified as one of the main regional problems. Through a partnership with the National Rural Lear ning Service (SENAR), 11 rural extension courses were offered to 152 people in the local communities. The courses demonstrated that the reforestation of degraded areas plus the fencing and protection of springs could increase water available to fuel rural production and sustain forest. A plant nursery has been expanded to produce 200,000 seedlings of native trees each year. Saplings and forest soil translocations, artificial poles, and other reforestation techniques have been tested in a 1 ha area. To date, 15 farms have become partners, 10 km of fencing was installed, and 30 ha of degraded area is now protected. The developed methodology may be useful to the larger regional corridor project of CI-Brazil TEN YEARS OF THE GOLDEN LION TAMARIN (Leontopithecus rosalia) TRANSLOCATION PROJECT. Procópio de Oliveira, Paula; KIERULFF, M. CECÍLIA M.; Lapenta, Marina J.; Pinto, Susie R.; Veruli, Vanessa P.; Moraes Junior, E. A. Associação Mico-Leão-Dourado, Caixa Postal 109.995, Casimiro de Abreu - Rio de Janeiro, 28.860-970, Brazil (PPO, MJL, SRP, VPV, EAMJ). Conservation Internacional. Conservação Internacional, Av. Getúlio Vargas 1.300 7o andar, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30.112-021, Brazil (MCMK). During a survey of L. rosalia populations in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, twelve groups were found isolated in very small and secondary forest fragments with a total area of less than 200 ha each. The risk of demographic and/or genetic problems consequent to small population size, threats to these areas and the high costs that would be required to preserve these small fragments, made translocation the only viable option to save these groups. Between 1994 and 1997, 42 tamarins in six groups were captured and immediately translocated to União Biological Reserve, one of the largest and most preserved forest within the original species distribution, and without a native golden lion tamarin population. In 2004 the translocated population numbered 200 individuals in more than 30 groups. From these, only nine were surviving "founders" and the other were born at the release site. The translocation population was never provisioned and it was self-sustaining immediately after release. The unsaturated habitat and the low population density increased the opportunities for the establishment of new groups by individuals dispersing from the original translocated groups. A comparison with other populations showed that the translocated tamarins behave as "normal wild" tamarins PERCEPTIONS OF BIODIVERSITY AMONG LANDOWNERS AROUND A PRIVATE RESERVE: CONSERVATION IMPLICATIONS FOR THE NORTHERN MURIQUI (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). BUENO, MARCO A. F. Environmental consultant, SHCES 201 B, apt. 305, Brasília, DF, CEP 70650-212, Brazil, muriqui1984((AT))yahoo.com.br. Biodiversity is perceived and valued differently by stakeholders who manage it. Although conservation on private land has been neglected as compared to public land, conservationists cannot succeed in protecting biodiversity without interacting with private landowners, for the alarming land use changes on private lands and their effects on indigenous biodiversity. Therefore, conservationists must understand what local perceptions of biodiversity are, why different perceptions exist and which factors influence them. Small landowners´ perceptions of biodiversity and natural resources around Feliciano Miguel Abdala (FMA) Private Reserve, in Brazil's Atlantic Forest, were investigated to test whether they challenge local biodiversity conservation, particularly as regards the northern muriqui monkey (Brachyteles hypoxanthus). Semi-structured interviews conducted with 26 landowners raised major themes of interest which were then analysed through a qualitative and interpretivist approach. Results showed that some conservation-oriented perceptions are shared by the majority of landowners, although neither muriquis nor their conservation are considered a top-priority. The survival of the rising mur iqui populations at FMA will depend on promoting local reforestation and a well-grounded understanding of the frames of reference, values and priorities of local farmers.XIX Annual Meeting of the Society for Conservation Biology ABSTRACT FOREST FRAGMENTATION AND CORTISOL LEVELS IN RED COLOBUS MONKEYS. Chapman, Colin A.; WASSERMAN, MICHAEL D.; Ziegler, Toni E. Department of Anthropology & McGill School of Environment, McGill University, 855 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 2T7 (CAC). Department of Environmental Science, Policy, & Management, Division of Insect Biology, University of California, 137 Mulford Hall #3114, Berkeley, California, 94720- 3114, USA, mwasserm((AT))nature.berkeley.edu (MDW). National Primate Research Center & Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1220 Capitol CT, Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, USA (TEZ). With habitat loss posing a major threat to species worldwide, an understanding of whether fragments can be used to protect endangered habitats and species is of critical importance. This is especially true for tropical forests and the primates living in them. Determining how primates respond to fragment-living is crucial for their conservation. Outside Kibale National Park, in western Uganda, there is a series of forest fragments that is ideal for studying this problem. The primate populations in these fragments have been monitored over the past ten years and fragment attributes have been quantified. During June and July 2003, we collected 225 fecal samples from 13 red colobus groups living in ten fragments and Kibale. We then measured cortisol metabolite levels and tested for relationships between these hormone levels and fragment attributes. We found a meaningful trend between cortisol metabolite levels and fragment area, as well as distance to next nearest fragment. Since chronic stress has been shown to depress an animal's ability to survive and reproduce, and measuring cortisol metabolite levels is an effective index of stress, these findings provide much-needed insight into how fragment-living influences primate physiology SPATIAL DESIGNATION OF CONSERVATION PRIORITIES FOR GOLDEN LION TAMARINS (Leontopithecus rosalia) IN THE ATLANTIC FOREST OF RIO DE JANEIRO. COELHO, DANA; Godoy, Fabiano; Schroeder, Wilfrid; Skolnik, Benjamin. Sustainable Development and Conservation Biology Program, Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742-4415, USA, dcoelho1((AT))umd.edu. More than 20,000 animal species and 1.6 million plant species reside within Brazil's Atlantic Forest. In places, biodiversity exceeds 450 species/ha. This coastal area is also home to 70 percent of Brazil's population, creating potential for conflict between humans and wildlife. Small endemic populations, like the golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia), face significant risk due to habitat loss - especially from population growth, urban and agricultural development, fire, and forest fragmentation. Population viability analyses predict the need for 2,000 individuals on 25,000 ha of protected land in order to maintain a stable golden lion tamarin population. Current conservation strategies are connecting forest fragments and isolated populations using corridors. This study looks primarily at Silva Jardim and Casimiro de AbreuABSTRACTS Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, July 2005 in Rio de Janeiro state, the locations of the largest golden lion tamarin population. It also makes recommendations for successful conservation plans that account for social characteristics. Priority conservation areas were identified using spatial and temporal analyses (GIS and Remote Sensing) based on biological, geographical, and meteorological data. Analysis of municipality-level IBGE census data revealed a need for education and employment within the local populations, especially for youth and women. These needs could be satisfied by inclusive and community-focused conservation planning EFFECTS OF COMMERCIAL LOGGING ON FOOD DISTRIBUTION AND RANGING BEHAVIOR OF SICHUAN SNUB-NOSED MONKEYS. Tan, Chia L.; GUO, SONGTAO; Li, Baoguo. Conservation and Research for Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road, Escondido, CA 92027, USA (CLT), ctan((AT))sandiegozoo.org. College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China (SG, BL). Rhinopithecus roxellana is one of the three species of snub-nosed monkeys endemic to China. With a wild population estimated at around 22,000, R. roxellana is listed as "vulnerable" by the IUCN Red List criteria. Habitat disturbance and hunting continue to pose serious threats to the survival of this species. We studied the effects of commercial logging activities on food distribution and ranging behavior of a troop of R. roxellana in Zhouzhi National Nature Reserve in Shaanxi Province between Novembe and October 2003. By sampling the vegetation in the monkeys' habitat, we determined various disturbance levels due to logging. Particularly, the disturbance level was inversely related to the distance from logging roads. Habitat utilization by the monkeys was strongly affected by logging. The monkeys rarely used the clear-cut and heavily logged areas where the density and diversity of trees were low. The monkeys frequently used selectively logged areas, which contained food tree species similar to un-logged areas. Other forms of habitat disturbance, such as collection of herbal medicine and grazing, did not seem to influence the monkeys' ranging behavior. Solutions to remedy the negativeABSTRACTS Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, July 2005 effects of logging activities should be considered a priority in reserve management schemes SOCIALLY DIRECTED DISEASE TRANSMISSION IN PRIMATES; A MODELING APPROACH. RYAN, SADIE J.; Nunn, Charles L.; Dobson, Andrew P. Department of Envi-ABSTRACTS Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, July 2005 ronmental Science, Policy and Management, 137 Mulford Hall, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3114 USA and The Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Bldg., University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA sjryan((AT))nature.berkeley.edu. Department of Integrative Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140 USA, cnunn((AT))socrates.berkeley.edu Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Eno Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544 USA, andy((AT))eno.princeton.edu. In this study, pathogen transmission among primates is examined in the context of social systems. We make use of underlying allometric scaling of primate life history parameters and correlate this with 5 idealized social system types. We find that this correlation implies an inherent trend for increased social complexity with increased scaling of reproductive parameters. We then constructed contact matrices based on the social systems for age-structured primate groups and for 5 modes of disease transmission. These matrices are used in conjunction with the allometric scaling to model disease transmission in primates. It is shown that intragroup contacts increase with social complexity, showing a corresponding increase in the pathogen transmission rate. The implications of this in an ecological and evolutionary context are examined and their utility in conservation applications is discussed UPDATE ON THE POPULATION STATUS OF BLACK LION TAMARIN (Leontopithecus chrysopygus MIKAN 1823) IN MORRO DO DIABO STATE PARK, SP, BRAZIL. PARANHOS, KARLA M.; Martins, Cristiana S.; Cullen, Laury; Valladares-Padua, Claudio; Ropper, James J. IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, C.P.47, Nazaré Paulista, SP, 12.960-000, Brazil, karla((AT))ipe.org.br (KMP, CSM, LC, CVP). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, 80.531 Brazil (JJR, KMP). Wildlife population density, especially for endangered species, is an important parameter for the analysis of population viability, and design of necessary conservation actions. In order to update our knowledge in terms of the status of black-lion-tamarin population in Morro do Diabo State Park, one of the most important remnants of Atlantic Forest in the extreme west of São Paulo State, a new census was carried out from January 2003 to February 2004. The census was conducted through the use of line transects. Fifteen transects were established in four different vegetation types, and 1305 km were walked. Through the implementation of this sampling effort we were able to gather 19 sightings of black-liontamarins, 12 of these in areas of mature forest and 7 in regeneration areas. Data analysis was carried out using Distance 4.0 software.ABSTRACTS Universidade de Brasília, Brazil, July 2005 Density estimates resulted in 3.37 individuals/km2, with a confi- dence interval between 1.8 and 7.3 individuals/km2. According to these results, the species population in the park should be of approximatel individuals or 274 tamarin groups. Comparing our results with previous studies, we noticed that the density did not change significantly over time, reinforcing the extreme importance of this area for the conservation of this species MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES APPLIED FOR BLACK LION TAMARINS: POTENTIALS AND PITFALLS. MARTINS, CRISTIANA S.; Valladares-Padua, Claudio. IPÊ - Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Caixa Postal 47, Nazaré Paulista, SP, 12960-000, Brazil, ipecristi((AT))uol.com.br. Since 1985 the black lion tamarin, has been studied into their historic range in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Our first studies gave us the diagnostic of its endangered status, and has lead to the establishment of an integrated conservation program, focusing the species and its habitat. The program uses the concept of metapopulation in their broad spectrum of management techniques. This paper describes and discuss the management techniques that were developed (translocation, mixed reintroduction, managed dispersal); and that are being used for recovery of this species. Fro FIRST SIGHTING OF CRESTED CAPUCHIN MONKEY (Cebus robustus) IN A PROTECTED AREA IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. MARTINS, WALDNEY P.; Peixoto, Esperança L.; Rylands, Anthony B. Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Conservação e Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, 30270-901, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil, wpmonkey((AT))yahoo.com.br. Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Conservation International M Street NW Suite 600, 20036, Washington, D.C., USA. The Crested capuchin monkey (Cebus robustus) is threatened and categorized as "Vulnerable" according to the Brazilian and IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals. Within its range, which is limited by the Jequitinhonha river in the north and the Doce and Piracicaba rivers in the south, C. robustus is known to occur in only 10 federal, state and private protected areas in the state of Espírito Santo and Bahia, and as far as it was known, it has not been reported in any of the 3 state reserves in Minas Gerais. On the July 21 st 2004, in one of the "Projeto Robustus" expedition at the "Estação Ecológica Estadual de Acauã", a C. robustus group (n = 3) was seen, during a census using playback equipment. This was the first sighting registered for the specie in a protected area within the state and though the "Estação Ecológica Estadual de Acauã" is more than 5,000 ha in size, it may not be enough to protect this specie in Minas Gerais. Due to rapid habitat destruction and intense hunting pressure, it is urgent that more protected areas within the geographic limits of the Crested capuchin monkey are created TEN YEARS AT THE HOWLER MONKEYS' ISLANDS: A LONG-TERM STUDY ON EFFECTS OF HABITAT FRAGMENTATION ON SMALL MAMMALS AT THE BRAZILIAN ATLANTIC FOREST. FERNANDEZ, FERNANDO A. S. Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-590, Brazil, rodentia((AT))biologia.ufrj.br. Habitat fragmentation may result in small populations of forestdwelling species inhabiting habitat remnants and highly vulnerable to local extinctions. The "Ilhas dos Barbados" ("Howler Monkeys'Islands"), a group of eight small (mostly <10 ha) forest fragments within Poço das Antas Reserve, separated by grassland, have been chosen as having size and degree of isolation suitable for a long-term demographic study on marsupials and rodents in an Atlantic Forest landscape. A ten-year capture-mark-recapture program (1995-2005) yielded 5,584 captures of mammals from 21 species. Estimated population sizes for most species in each fragment were very small (usually <20 individuals). Two local extinctions of the arboreal rat Oecomys concolor were recorded during the study. Species followed a continuum going gradually from those forming isolated populations in each fragment (e. g. Caluromys philander) to those which moved often across the matrix (e. g. Didelphs aurita). Micoureus demerarae formed an atypical metapopulation where only males moved among fragments; local extinctions cannot therefore be replaced, as males themselves cannot found populations. Tolerance to the matrix was the best predictor of vulnerabilities to local extintion (estimated by proportion of fragments where each species was absent); fecundities, body weights, longevities, population densities and arboreality were all weak predictors of extinction vulnerabilities Society for Conservation Biology - Brasilia 2005 News index | RSS | News Feed Advertisements: Organic Apparel from Patagonia | Insect-repelling clothing |
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