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	<channel>
		<title>Conservation news</title>
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		<link>https://news.mongabay.com/list/human-migration/</link>
		<description>Environmental science and conservation news</description>
		<lastBuildDate>Mon, 12 Oct 2026 13:27:56 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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	<title>News on Human Migration</title>
	<link>https://news.mongabay.com/list/human-migration/</link>
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				<item>
					<title>Activists cite ecological, social connections in blocking US border wall construction (commentary)</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/10/activists-cite-ecological-social-connections-in-blocking-us-border-wall-construction-commentary/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/10/activists-cite-ecological-social-connections-in-blocking-us-border-wall-construction-commentary/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>08 Oct 2026 17:56:07 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Meg Perret]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Erik Hoffner]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/10/08172450/IMG_8310-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=331995</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Arizona, North America, and United States]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Activism, Commentary, Conflict, Conservation, Environment, Environmental Law, Environmental Policy, Ethics, Governance, Human Migration, Law, Migration, Politics, Social Justice, Trees, and Wildlife Corridors]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[A group of activists in the small border town of Lochiel, Arizona, U.S., is fighting to save 200-year-old cottonwood trees by stopping contractors from building a section of the U.S.’s new wall along its border with Mexico. One activist lived for over 70 days in the upper branches of an ancient cottonwood dubbed the “Grandmother [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[A group of activists in the small border town of Lochiel, Arizona, U.S., is fighting to save 200-year-old cottonwood trees by stopping contractors from building a section of the U.S.’s new wall along its border with Mexico. One activist lived for over 70 days in the upper branches of an ancient cottonwood dubbed the “Grandmother Tree,” preventing construction workers from cutting it down while other activists used pulleys to bring them food and water. The protest was about more than protecting ancient trees: Activists were also fighting habitat fragmentation caused by the border wall in a landscape where biodiversity depends on ecological connectivity. The tree encampment began on July 28, after construction workers cut down three of the four cottonwood trees that were in the path of the wall. This double wall consists of two 30-foot-high (just over 9 meters) steel walls that run parallel to one another with a buffer zone between. Since then, helicopters, drones, U.S. Border Patrol agents, and local law enforcement have been surveilling the area, according to the activists at the encampment. I interviewed activists camped in the meadow adjacent to the tree, photographed the landscape, and participated in the daily morning rituals aimed at honoring Grandmother Tree and the land. There I learned that the movement has connected social and environmental issues since its inception. Many of the activists I met at the Lochiel protest are involved in No More Deaths, a humanitarian group that provides water and aid to migrants crossing the border,&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/10/activists-cite-ecological-social-connections-in-blocking-us-border-wall-construction-commentary/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
										<wfw:commentRss>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/10/activists-cite-ecological-social-connections-in-blocking-us-border-wall-construction-commentary/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-331995</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Decline of migratory birds spurs calls for coordinated conservation</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/decline-of-migratory-birds-spurs-calls-for-coordinated-conservation/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/decline-of-migratory-birds-spurs-calls-for-coordinated-conservation/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>14 Sep 2026 14:09:40 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Wilson Odhiambo]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Terna Gyuse]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/09/14122724/Bar-headedGoose.Anser_.indicus_-%C2%A9NejibAhmedShutterstock-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=329611</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Africa, Asia, Europe, and Global]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Animals, Biodiversity, Biodiversity Hotspots, Birds, Coastal Ecosystems, Conservation, Endangered Species, Environment, Habitat, Habitat Degradation, Habitat Loss, Transmigration, Wildlife, and Wildlife Corridors]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[NAIROBI — The decline of many migratory bird populations is a red flag that ecosystems around the world are under increasing pressure, conservation experts warn, adding it’s time for governments to come together and coordinate conservation efforts across national borders. Representatives from governments, conservation agencies, NGOs, financial institutions, and donors gathered in Nairobi from Sept. [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[NAIROBI — The decline of many migratory bird populations is a red flag that ecosystems around the world are under increasing pressure, conservation experts warn, adding it’s time for governments to come together and coordinate conservation efforts across national borders. Representatives from governments, conservation agencies, NGOs, financial institutions, and donors gathered in Nairobi from Sept. 8-11 for the Global Flyways Summit, hosted by BirdLife International in collaboration with Nature Kenya to address the growing threats facing migratory birds and the habitats they depend on. BirdLife presented the latest edition of its quadrennial “State of the World’s Birds” report, which reported that 45% of migratory bird species are declining, while about one in nine faces the threat of extinction. Shorebirds and seabirds were identified as among the groups experiencing particularly severe declines. A great snipe (Gallinago media) in Nigde, Türkiye. These near threatened snipes breed in Scandinavia and western Russia, and spend their winters at sites across West, Central, and East Africa. According to the IUCN, this species’ numbers are declining rapidly due to habitat loss and hunting pressure. Image © Koray Öğreten via iNaturalist (CC BY-NC 4.0). The Red List Index of species survival for migratory birds, with examples of species uplisted and downlisted and the main factors driving these changes. Image courtesy of BirdLife International, 2026. The conservation organization said the main pressures include loss of habitat, agriculture, hunting, pollution, and climate change. Stuart Butchart, BirdLife International’s chief scientist, said these threats cannot be addressed effectively in individual countries&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/09/decline-of-migratory-birds-spurs-calls-for-coordinated-conservation/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-329611</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Migration and climate pressures deepen flood risks in Bangladesh’s haors</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/migration-and-climate-pressures-deepen-flood-risks-in-bangladeshs-haors/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/migration-and-climate-pressures-deepen-flood-risks-in-bangladeshs-haors/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>29 Apr 2026 03:30:15 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Ashraful Haque]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Abu Siddique]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2026/04/28161034/1.-Hasina_begum_-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=318294</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, Bangladesh, and South Asia]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Climate Change, Climate Justice, Disasters, Environment, Extreme Weather, Flooding, Human Migration, Lakes, and Wetlands]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Flash floods are a common occurrence in Bangladesh’s northeastern haor (shallow wetland ecosystem) region. These large bowl-shaped topographic depressions remain inundated for around seven months every year. At the beginning of every monsoon, runoff from the heavy rainfall in the Himalayan foothills of India’s Meghalaya state, which neighbors Bangladesh, overflows via the trans-boundary rivers and [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Flash floods are a common occurrence in Bangladesh’s northeastern haor (shallow wetland ecosystem) region. These large bowl-shaped topographic depressions remain inundated for around seven months every year. At the beginning of every monsoon, runoff from the heavy rainfall in the Himalayan foothills of India’s Meghalaya state, which neighbors Bangladesh, overflows via the trans-boundary rivers and causes flooding in the haors of Sylhet, Sunamganj, Netrokona and Kishoreganj districts. While the changing climate and silting of rivers are worsening the flooding impact (such as that of 2017), pressures from population growth have also been seen to complicate things when it comes to the vulnerability of residents here. For example, newly established villages like Rangpur Bosti or Notun Jibonpur in Companiganj, Sylhet — located at the base of the Himalayan foothills of Meghalaya — were washed away by multiple flash floods in 2022. While flash floods are nothing new in the area, the scale of destruction in these villages are. House after house in these villages — located on the banks of Dholai River, a transboundary river originating in India — was devastated; in some cases they were totally washed away. The devastation demonstrated the brute force of raging floods, a rather uncommon sight even in a flash flood-prone area. The reason: These villages were not supposed to be here, and they were not built to withstand the magnitude of the flood. Flood-ravaged houses seen in Chanpur in Sylhet’s Companiganj subdistrict. Built right on the edge of a transboundary river, the community has&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/04/migration-and-climate-pressures-deepen-flood-risks-in-bangladeshs-haors/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-318294</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>When nature becomes a security risk</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/02/when-nature-becomes-a-security-risk/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/02/when-nature-becomes-a-security-risk/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>02 Feb 2026 14:58:27 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Rhett Ayers Butler]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Rhett Butler]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2022/12/12231629/GP1T2OKD-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=313602</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Founder's briefs]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Britain, Europe, and United Kingdom]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conflict, Environment, Food, food security, Forests, Green, Human Migration, Pandemics, Water, and Water Scarcity]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Britain’s national security thinking has traditionally been shaped by familiar concerns: hostile states, terrorism, energy supply, and, more recently, cyber threats. A new assessment from the U.K. government adds a different category to that list. Global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse, it argues, now pose a direct and growing risk to national security, with implications [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Britain’s national security thinking has traditionally been shaped by familiar concerns: hostile states, terrorism, energy supply, and, more recently, cyber threats. A new assessment from the U.K. government adds a different category to that list. Global biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse, it argues, now pose a direct and growing risk to national security, with implications that extend well beyond conservation policy and into food supply, economic stability, migration, and conflict. The assessment is explicit about its framing. This is not a scientific review, nor an environmental strategy. It is an intelligence-style analysis, designed to support national security planning under conditions of uncertainty. It draws on scientific literature, expert judgment, and probabilistic reasoning, applying the same tools used to assess geopolitical or military risk. Its core judgment is delivered with high confidence: global ecosystem degradation already threatens U.K. prosperity and security, and without major intervention, those risks are likely to intensify through mid-century and beyond. Deforestation for palm oil production in Malaysian Borneo. At the heart of the argument is the idea of cascading risk. Ecosystems underpin food production, water availability, climate regulation, and disease control. When they degrade, the effects rarely remain local. Crop failures in one region can ripple through global markets. Water scarcity can destabilize fragile states. Disease outbreaks can spread rapidly through interconnected societies. The assessment emphasizes that biodiversity loss should be understood not as an isolated environmental problem, but as a multiplier of existing social, economic, and political stresses. The report identifies several pathways through which&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/02/when-nature-becomes-a-security-risk/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
										<wfw:commentRss>https://news.mongabay.com/2026/02/when-nature-becomes-a-security-risk/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-313602</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Indonesia’s most vulnerable push for nation’s first Climate Justice Bill</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/indonesias-most-vulnerable-push-for-nations-first-climate-justice-bill/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/indonesias-most-vulnerable-push-for-nations-first-climate-justice-bill/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>23 Oct 2025 01:23:47 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Hans Nicholas Jong]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Hans Nicholas Jong]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/10/23012002/IMG_1666-2048x1150-1-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=308157</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, Indonesia, Java, Kalimantan, North Maluku, Southeast Asia, and West Kalimantan]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Activism, Climate, Climate Change, Climate Justice, Environment, Human Migration, Human Rights, Impact Of Climate Change, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Law, Migration, and Oceans]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[JAKARTA — “Going to Dubai was an act of desperation,” says Muninggar, a 48-year-old former fish farmer from northern Java. “There were no jobs left in the village. If I wasn’t forced to, I wouldn’t have gone — my kids were still small.” Like many Indonesians on the frontlines of climate change, Muninggar has seen [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[JAKARTA — “Going to Dubai was an act of desperation,” says Muninggar, a 48-year-old former fish farmer from northern Java. “There were no jobs left in the village. If I wasn’t forced to, I wouldn’t have gone — my kids were still small.” Like many Indonesians on the frontlines of climate change, Muninggar has seen erratic weather and rising temperatures destroy her livelihood, forcing her to migrate in search of a living. Her story echoes those of Indigenous farmers in Borneo and disabled fishers in eastern Indonesia, all facing the same reality: the climate crisis is deepening inequality and displacing those least responsible for it. Now, these communities are uniting to demand that climate justice be recognized as a constitutional right — part of a growing movement behind Indonesia’s first proposed Climate Justice Bill. Indonesia&#8217;s marginalized communities march to demand stronger climate action from the government in Jakarta in August 2025. Image courtesy of People&#8217;s Alliance for Climate Justice (ARUKI). Migrant workers Over the course of a few years, increasingly erratic weather devastated Muninggar’s fish ponds. “During the dry season, the seawater didn’t rise high enough, turning the pond water yellow. When that happened, the fish, shrimp and crabs died — I suffered total harvest failure,” she says. She took out a bank loan to stay afloat, but after five years of unpredictable weather and mounting losses, she was forced to close her pond, as were many of her neighbors. In September 2021, she chose to seek work abroad as&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/10/indonesias-most-vulnerable-push-for-nations-first-climate-justice-bill/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-308157</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Illegal fishing and its consequences: the human toll of migration in Senegal</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/06/illegal-fishing-and-its-consequences-the-human-toll-of-migration-in-senegal/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/06/illegal-fishing-and-its-consequences-the-human-toll-of-migration-in-senegal/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>30 Jun 2025 08:25:36 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Elodie Toto]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Malavikavyawahare]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/06/27112606/5-1-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=301550</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Africa, Atlantic Ocean, Senegal, and West Africa]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Animals, Conservation, Ecosystems, Environment, Fish, Fishing, Global Environmental Crisis, Human Migration, Illegal Fishing, Marine, Marine Animals, Marine Conservation, and Oceans]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[“I lost my sons, nephews, and grandson in this tragedy. I lost my older brother’s son. I can say that I lost almost ten relatives in this shipwreck. It is so heartbreaking,” Modou Boye Seck, a resident of Fass Boye, a coastal town in Senegal told the NGO Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF). The tragedy Seck [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[“I lost my sons, nephews, and grandson in this tragedy. I lost my older brother’s son. I can say that I lost almost ten relatives in this shipwreck. It is so heartbreaking,” Modou Boye Seck, a resident of Fass Boye, a coastal town in Senegal told the NGO Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF). The tragedy Seck refers to is that of irregular migration, from Senegal and the Gambia to Europe — more specifically, to the Spanish Canary Islands, which lie off the western coast of Africa. This perilous route claimed more than 2,000 lives in 2024, according to Spain-based migrant protection NGO Caminando Fronteras. The number of Senegalese dying in their attempt to reach Europe is likely much higher, given that many others attempt the journey from neighboring Mauritania. The Mauritania-Canary Islands crossing resulted in nearly 7,000 deaths last year. Saint-Louis, a hub for fisheries in Senegal, lies on the border with Mauritania. It has seen a massive migration of its youth, many of whom travel to Mauritania to reach Europe. Artisanal fishermen at the Saint-Louis pier in northern Senegal. Image by Elodie Toto. According to the EJF report, the rising trend of irregular migration from Senegal is tied to the overexploitation of marine resources — not only by artisanal and industrial domestic fleets, but also by foreign fishing operations. This includes both legally sanctioned fishing under the EU-Senegal fisheries partnership agreements, and illegal practices by vessels that often operate with little oversight. Senegal has a 700-kilometer (430-mile) coastline. It also&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/06/illegal-fishing-and-its-consequences-the-human-toll-of-migration-in-senegal/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-301550</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Farmers in Nepal and India see red as blue bulls raid their crops</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/farmers-in-nepal-and-india-see-red-as-blue-bulls-raid-their-crops/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/farmers-in-nepal-and-india-see-red-as-blue-bulls-raid-their-crops/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>07 Mar 2025 16:18:20 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Mukesh Pokhrel]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Abhaya Raj Joshi]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2023/07/25114957/nilgai-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=295449</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, India, Nepal, and South Asia]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Animals, Antelope, Biodiversity, Conservation, Farming, Human Migration, Human-wildlife Conflict, Mammals, Overpopulation, and Top Predators]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[LUMBINI, Nepal — Three years ago, Ram Chandra Kurmi, a farmer from the village of Gaidahawa in south-western Nepal, abandoned his small vegetable plot . The 39-year-old, who once supported his family of five through farming, now struggles to make a stable income. The culprit, he says, is the uncontrolled proliferation of nilgais, or blue [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[LUMBINI, Nepal — Three years ago, Ram Chandra Kurmi, a farmer from the village of Gaidahawa in south-western Nepal, abandoned his small vegetable plot . The 39-year-old, who once supported his family of five through farming, now struggles to make a stable income. The culprit, he says, is the uncontrolled proliferation of nilgais, or blue bulls (Boselaphus tragocamelus), a large antelope species native to this region. “Nilgais come at night when no one’s around to shoo them away and munch on the vegetables,” he said. “I couldn’t do anything about it, so I had to quit farming altogether.” Kurmi’s story is echoed across the Indo-Gangetic plains that straddle the Nepal-India border region, where marginalized farming communities complain of government inaction to address the problem. The nilgai, whose return to neighboring Bangladesh after nearly a century was celebrated there, is typically found at elevations ranging from 75-300 meters (about 300-1,000 ft). It’s been described as having the body of a horse and head of an antelope. Making it even more distinctive is the fact that adult males are iron-blue to light gray in color, hence the name nilgai (“blue cow”). It’s also been said to have the “appetite of a cow, the speed of a horse, and the alertness of a dog.” Nepal’s government lacks official data on nilgais outside the country’s national parks, but a 2018 Ministry of Forests and Environment assessment estimated 300-350 individuals across several border districts, such as Rupandehi (where the town of Gaidahawa is located), Kapilvastu,&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/03/farmers-in-nepal-and-india-see-red-as-blue-bulls-raid-their-crops/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-295449</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Land distribution in the Pan Amazon is tainted by corruption</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/land-distribution-in-the-pan-amazon-is-tainted-by-corruption/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/land-distribution-in-the-pan-amazon-is-tainted-by-corruption/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>28 Feb 2025 22:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/02/24032114/PORTADA-brazil_155162-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=294876</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Deforestation, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Land Conflict, Land Grabbing, Land Rights, Logging, and Threats To Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The distribution of public land has, at one time or another, been official government policy in almost every Amazonian jurisdiction. Some epochs and jurisdictions favoured small holdings over large estates and vice versa, but the entire process, and the system it spawned, is characterized by inefficiency, political patronage, class privilege and corruption. Across the region, [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The distribution of public land has, at one time or another, been official government policy in almost every Amazonian jurisdiction. Some epochs and jurisdictions favoured small holdings over large estates and vice versa, but the entire process, and the system it spawned, is characterized by inefficiency, political patronage, class privilege and corruption. Across the region, hundreds of thousands of small family farmers have been waiting for years to obtain documents validating their land claims. Those fortunate to have obtained certified titles often pay a modest bribe to move their documents along a bureaucratic chain of requirements, formularies, taxes, charges, validations, surveys, etc. A certified title materially impacts the price of real estate, and people are willing to pay speed money, particularly if there is a document that is lacking or does not conform to a specific regulatory ruling. Their claim may be wholly legitimate, but without the coima (also known as &#8216;propina&#8217;), the document can languish for weeks, months or even years. These types of mundane transactions are seldom reported in the press, much less to judicial authorities. More flagrant abuses of the land tenure system are perpetuated by land grabbers who manufacture property deeds using several well-known fraudulent schemes. These professional thieves sell the newly minted landholding to third parties, who are fully cognizant they are purchasing a misbegotten asset. The land grabber, the functionary and the buyer are all engaged in a type of ‘grand theft’, because the amount of money is substantial, including not only a bribe,&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/land-distribution-in-the-pan-amazon-is-tainted-by-corruption/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-294876</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>As elephant conflict shifts, Nepal&#8217;s border village offers clues for coexistence</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/as-elephant-conflict-shifts-nepal-village-turns-to-neighbouring-border-town-for-solutions/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/as-elephant-conflict-shifts-nepal-village-turns-to-neighbouring-border-town-for-solutions/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>18 Feb 2025 12:26:53 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Deepak Adhikari]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Abhaya Raj Joshi]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/02/18120845/471839295_8805263699529201_6732668017916908698_n-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=294601</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, Nepal, and South Asia]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Animals, Biodiversity, Conservation, Elephants, Forest Fragmentation, Habitat Loss, Human Migration, Human-wildlife Conflict, Mammals, and Roads]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[SUNDAR HARAICHA, Nepal — A bundle of firewood lay abandoned on the path, a silent witness to tragedy. Nearby, a red shawl, once wrapped around Chandra Kumari Limbu, remained. The footprints of the wild Asian elephant that killed her were still etched on the edge of the forest. Two weeks after the attack, these remnants [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[SUNDAR HARAICHA, Nepal — A bundle of firewood lay abandoned on the path, a silent witness to tragedy. Nearby, a red shawl, once wrapped around Chandra Kumari Limbu, remained. The footprints of the wild Asian elephant that killed her were still etched on the edge of the forest. Two weeks after the attack, these remnants served as painful reminders of Limbu’s sudden and violent death. The 61-year-old’s family remains in shock. Her daughter-in-law, Prishna Limbu, recalled the evening of the attack. “She had just gone to collect firewood,” she says. “We never thought this would happen to us.” At their modest tin-roofed home on the edge of Sundar Haraicha, in eastern Nepal’s Koshi province, Prishna tended to livestock, her daily routine overshadowed by grief. For years, human-elephant conflict simmered around Bahundangi, a border village in eastern Nepal. As Bahundangi, after protracted conflict, learned to live with elephants, communities further west — such as those in Sundar Haraicha, unaware of such possibilities — now grapple with similar trials. Their situation highlights the urgency of swifter coexistence awareness, and behavior change with fewer losses than what Bahundangi endured, conservationists say. Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) once roamed the entire east-west corridor of Nepal’s southern plains, a range of more than 900 kilometers (560 miles). The rich floodplains of the perennial Koshi, Gandaki, and Karnali rivers provided ample food, and vast areas free of human habitation allowed the elephants to make the east-west journey without much hindrance. However, as human migration to these plains&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/as-elephant-conflict-shifts-nepal-village-turns-to-neighbouring-border-town-for-solutions/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-294601</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The culture of corruption across the Amazon Basin </title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-culture-of-corruption-across-the-amazon-basin/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-culture-of-corruption-across-the-amazon-basin/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>14 Feb 2025 18:38:06 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/02/07204140/PORTADA-colombia_4584-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=294146</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Corruption, Deforestation, Drivers Of Deforestation, Environment, Forest Destruction, Forests, Governance, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Industry, Infrastructure, Law Enforcement, Mining, Politics, Rainforests, Threats To Rainforests, Tropical Forests, and Wildlife]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Journalists typically treat corruption as an issue of governance. However, dishonesty is not an attribute of constitutional and legal structures, but of the behavior of individuals. Moreover, corruption transcends public institutions and infects private entities, while NGOs must also contend with financial fraud and unethical conduct. Too often, individuals who are fundamentally honest are induced [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Journalists typically treat corruption as an issue of governance. However, dishonesty is not an attribute of constitutional and legal structures, but of the behavior of individuals. Moreover, corruption transcends public institutions and infects private entities, while NGOs must also contend with financial fraud and unethical conduct. Too often, individuals who are fundamentally honest are induced to act unethically: they may be pressed for time, desperate to resolve a problem, or simply take the path of least resistance. Most people behave ethically in their day-to-day interactions with colleagues, friends and family but, if they believe a system has been corrupted, they are more likely to tolerate fraudulent behavior and, unfortunately, participate if the opportunity arises or necessity dictates an unethical choice. People forced to live in an environment defined by dishonesty are fully aware of its impacts and exigencies, which fosters a culture of distrust, selfishness and cynicism. Corruption in all its manifestations, and there are many, is a massive impediment to sustainable development because it undermines the social contract between the state and its citizens, while distorting the economic leg of a three-part development paradigm. The citizens of the Pan Amazon are dissatisfied, even disgusted, with the status quo; unfortunately, they have been unable to discover a pathway out of their predicament. Image still from Greenpeace footage showing deforestation on Ituna Itatá Indigenous land. The Fixers: Top U.S. flooring retailers linked to Brazilian firm probed for corruption. Image © Greenpeace. The diversity of venality The stereotypical corruption scandal involves the&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-culture-of-corruption-across-the-amazon-basin/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-294146</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The Pan Amazon as a hotspot of cultural diversity</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-pan-amazon-as-a-hotspot-of-cultural-diversity/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-pan-amazon-as-a-hotspot-of-cultural-diversity/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>07 Feb 2025 23:53:59 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/02/07190714/PORTADA-ecuador_231428-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=294136</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Community Development, Culture, Deforestation, Farming, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Migration, Mining, Organized Crime, Population, Rainforest Destruction, and Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The Amazon is renowned for its cultural diversity, particularly the ethnic diversity of its Indigenous nations, but also the cultural traditions of numerous other distinctive groups that have migrated into the Amazon over five centuries. The region’s demographic history reflects that of its constituent nations, all of which are an amalgam of Indigenous people who [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The Amazon is renowned for its cultural diversity, particularly the ethnic diversity of its Indigenous nations, but also the cultural traditions of numerous other distinctive groups that have migrated into the Amazon over five centuries. The region’s demographic history reflects that of its constituent nations, all of which are an amalgam of Indigenous people who have interbred, to varying degrees, with immigrants from Europe, Africa and Asia. This complex genetic history has been moulded by social, economic and political phenomena that have further differentiated the populations into a diverse assemblage of social groups. Knowing how people self-identify and view each other is essential when trying to understand how those cultural legacies influence the trajectory of Amazonian development. Traditional communities Social advocates and academics use this term to describe families with livelihoods that are highly dependent upon forest and aquatic resources. Their reliance on natural ecosystems is an integral part of their cultural tradition, and most view themselves, and are viewed by others, as stewards who will conserve forest resources for future generations. Indigenous nations. There are more than 340 Indigenous groups in the Pan Amazon that self-identify with a specific ethnic lineage. Those with the strongest cultural identity continue to speak their native language and reside within territories they view as their ancestral homeland. This number includes communities that have experienced various amounts of cultural loss and/or modification of their cultural traditions, as well as urban dwellers who retain their ethnic identity while partially joining a different stakeholder group (urban&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/02/the-pan-amazon-as-a-hotspot-of-cultural-diversity/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-294136</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Conservation and the rise of corporations in the Pan Amazon</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/01/conservation-and-the-rise-of-corporations-in-the-pan-amazon/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2025/01/conservation-and-the-rise-of-corporations-in-the-pan-amazon/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>03 Jan 2025 14:15:21 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2025/01/02165845/PORTADA-rio-das-mortes-brazil_1119-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=292619</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Latin America, Peru, South America, and Venezuela]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Community Development, Conservation, Corporations, Deforestation, extractives, Forest Loss, Forests, Human Migration, Land Grabbing, Logging, Migration, Mining, Palm Oil, Population, and Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The constituency for the conservation of the Pan Amazon is broad-based and diverse. Academics and civil society organizations have been successful in framing conservation of the Amazon as an issue of global importance. They have formed an alliance with Indigenous and traditional peoples, and have convinced a majority of urban populations that the Amazonian ecosystem [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The constituency for the conservation of the Pan Amazon is broad-based and diverse. Academics and civil society organizations have been successful in framing conservation of the Amazon as an issue of global importance. They have formed an alliance with Indigenous and traditional peoples, and have convinced a majority of urban populations that the Amazonian ecosystem is a natural asset that will benefit future generations. Most citizens of the region’s subnational jurisdictions also support the principles of sustainable development and generally accept the consensus view of the need to conserve the region’s biodiversity and ecosystem services. Nonetheless, this generalized support has not translated into a change in the production systems that are driving deforestation and other forms of environmental degradation. This apparent contradiction is the logical result of people’s economic dependence on conventional development. Most citizens of the Pan Amazon depend either directly or indirectly on extractive production models and the economic growth that occurs when natural capital is converted into financial capital. Advocates for conventional development likewise originate from a similarly broad and diverse populace, but this view is particularly strong in communities composed of recent immigrants and their descendants who live on or near the agricultural frontier. They include obvious stakeholders, such as farmers, ranchers and miners, but also their employees, service providers and supply chain intermediaries. Proponents of orthodox development occupy key positions in the conventional economy and consequently have an outsized influence on decisions that drive investment. This group includes the executives of banks, construction companies, manufacturing&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2025/01/conservation-and-the-rise-of-corporations-in-the-pan-amazon/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-292619</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The particularities of the migratory movement in Venezuela, the Guianas and Suriname</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-particularities-of-the-migratory-movement-in-venezuela-the-guianas-and-suriname/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-particularities-of-the-migratory-movement-in-venezuela-the-guianas-and-suriname/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>27 Dec 2024 17:03:49 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/07153906/RioCauca-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=292382</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Colombia, French Guiana, Guiana Shield, Latin America, South America, Suriname, and Venezuela]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Deforestation, Drivers Of Deforestation, Drought, Forests, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Migration, Mining, Population, and Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The modern history of internal migration in Colombia began in a manner that was not unlike the processes organized by the governments in Brazil and the other Andean countries in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, that process was derailed first by a civil war and subsequently by the production of illicit drugs, largely because [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The modern history of internal migration in Colombia began in a manner that was not unlike the processes organized by the governments in Brazil and the other Andean countries in the 1960s and early 1970s. However, that process was derailed first by a civil war and subsequently by the production of illicit drugs, largely because of tactics pursued by the Fuerzas Armada Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC). The conflict effectively suppressed state infrastructure investment while freezing land acquisition by middle-class families and investors. At the same time, however, it fuelled the migration of displaced peasants, who opted to cultivate coca under the protective umbrella of the FARC. The conflict officially ended in 2017 via the so-called Peace Process, which brought momentous change to the Colombian Amazon. The FARC no longer exists as an organized military entity, but it has been replaced by criminal groups composed of demobilized guerillas and militia members. Unfortunately, the state has not established a meaningful presence in the region and the cessation of hostilities has triggered a land rush supercharged by the drug trade and the cattle industry. Two young people ride a motorbike on the street that divides Tabatinga in Brazil from Leticia in Colombia. Crime rates have risen sharply in the region. Image by Ivan Brehaut. Migratory pathways Before the civil war, the administration of President Carlos Lleras Restrepo (1966–1970) created the Instituto Nacional de Colonización (INCOR) in an attempt to respond to the demand for land by the rural poor. The strategy was supported&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-particularities-of-the-migratory-movement-in-venezuela-the-guianas-and-suriname/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-292382</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>How the Sahel junta is responding to climate change amid political isolation</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/how-the-sahel-junta-is-responding-to-climate-change-amid-political-isolation/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/how-the-sahel-junta-is-responding-to-climate-change-amid-political-isolation/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>27 Dec 2024 09:00:14 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Robert Bociaga]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Jeremy Hance]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/26095743/nigeria-202409-taina-0060-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=292340</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Africa, Burkina Faso, Central Africa, Chad, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Sahel, Sudan, and West Africa]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Environment, Flooding, Governance, Human Migration, Impact Of Climate Change, and Politics]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[As the first light pierced through storm clouds, swollen rivers spilled over their banks, sweeping through villages across the Sahel. In countries ranging from Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso to Nigeria, Chad and Sudan, families scrambled to salvage belongings as muddy water filled their homes. Along the riverbanks, farmers waded through flooded fields, trying desperately [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[As the first light pierced through storm clouds, swollen rivers spilled over their banks, sweeping through villages across the Sahel. In countries ranging from Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso to Nigeria, Chad and Sudan, families scrambled to salvage belongings as muddy water filled their homes. Along the riverbanks, farmers waded through flooded fields, trying desperately to rescue their crops and animals. This year’s rainy season in the Sahel, from July to September, turned roads into rivers and villages into islands, as the relentless rains showed no sign of easing. These scenes, as surreal as they are tragic, are a stark reminder of the Sahel&#8217;s growing vulnerability to climate change. Lying just south of the Sahara Desert, the Sahel region has long grappled with extreme weather, but recent changes in rainfall patterns have pushed communities to the brink. This year, rainfall in parts of the region has surged to levels many times exceeding the historical average, transforming the landscape into a vast, inundated expanse. Satellite images reveal the devastating toll: tens of thousands of hectares of cropland across the region submerged, and millions displaced. Flooding aftermath which includes damages facilities and submegerd houses. area. On September 10, 2024, Maiduguri, the capital of Borno State, in Nigeria, experienced devastating flooding due to the overflow of the Alau Dam, which connects to the river flowing from Cameroon. Thousands of residents were displaced, and many lives were lost in this tragic event. Image courtesy of Mercy Corps. In Mali, the Niger River recently burst&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/how-the-sahel-junta-is-responding-to-climate-change-amid-political-isolation/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-292340</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The fuel that moves people: the Ecuadorian case</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-fuel-that-moves-people-the-ecuadorian-case/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-fuel-that-moves-people-the-ecuadorian-case/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>20 Dec 2024 20:50:14 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/20003600/portada-EC_16122024-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=292082</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Ecuador, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Colonization, Deforestation, extractives, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Infrastructure, Land Rights, Migration, Mining, National Parks, Oil, Oil Spills, Population, Protected Areas, and Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Throughout most of the twentieth century, the Ecuadorian authorities pursued a geopolitical strategy that reflected a long-held conviction that they were cheated out of large territories in the Western Amazon. Most of their claims were adjudicated in favor of Peru and they were on the losing side of border disputes in 1860, 1903 and 1941. [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Throughout most of the twentieth century, the Ecuadorian authorities pursued a geopolitical strategy that reflected a long-held conviction that they were cheated out of large territories in the Western Amazon. Most of their claims were adjudicated in favor of Peru and they were on the losing side of border disputes in 1860, 1903 and 1941. Consequently, successive governments were intent on not losing another square meter of what they fervently believed was their national territory, a policy that led to the construction of several highways and deliberate policies to foster migration into their lowland provinces. Peru and Ecuador resolved their differences in 1998, after another border dispute, via an arbitration process coordinated by the governments of Brazil, Argentina, Chile and the United States. In the process, the countries established paired national parks on both sides of the border, and an ambitious IIRSA-sponsored initiative was launched to provide Ecuador with direct access to the Amazon waterway at Puerto Morona. The resolution of the border conflict and the much-improved transportation infrastructure opened up the Cordillera del Condor to large-scale mining operations operated by Canadian and Chinese corporations. The road network in Amazonian Ecuador closely corresponds to the petroleum pipeline system, partly because the government promoted settlement along service roads during the 1970s. Data sources: GEM (2023) and RAISG (2022). Migratory pathways Migration into Amazonian Ecuador has occurred via four highway routes that connect urban centers in the Andes with a town or small city in the lowlands; from north to south, they&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/the-fuel-that-moves-people-the-ecuadorian-case/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-292082</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Balochistan’s Gwadar city sits at the crossroads of climate and conflict</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/balochistans-gwadar-city-sits-at-the-crossroads-of-climate-and-conflict/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/balochistans-gwadar-city-sits-at-the-crossroads-of-climate-and-conflict/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>20 Dec 2024 03:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Waqas Alam Angaria]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Karen Coates]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/19085754/baloch-coast-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=291967</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, Pakistan, and South Asia]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Cities, Climate, Climate Change, Climate Justice, Conflict, Environment, Extreme Weather, Fellows, Fisheries, Fishing, Flooding, Green, Human Migration, Impact Of Climate Change, Migration, Oceans, and Protests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[In late February, a flash flood hit Gwadar, a port city on Pakistan’s southwestern coast in Balochistan province. The 183 millimeters (7.2 inches) of rain that fell in 30 hours was double what the city typically gets in a year, and it exacted a heavy toll. At least five people died, and more than 800 [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[In late February, a flash flood hit Gwadar, a port city on Pakistan’s southwestern coast in Balochistan province. The 183 millimeters (7.2 inches) of rain that fell in 30 hours was double what the city typically gets in a year, and it exacted a heavy toll. At least five people died, and more than 800 had to leave their homes because of stagnant sewage water. The storm damaged thousands of homes and shops, inundated farmlands and killed hundreds of livestock. Residents shared videos online showing flooded streets and homes, and they criticized the lack of government response. Protests broke out as hundreds of people took to the streets, chanting, “Take water out of our houses,” “Stop helping the influential” and “We want our rights.” In already fragile areas like Gwadar, extreme weather can fuel conflict and be a threat multiplier, according to recent research published in the journal Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. “The grievances of the Baloch people against the state of Pakistan stem from inequality, human rights violations, lack of necessities and noninclusive governance,” Muhammad Makki, an assistant professor at the Centre for International Peace and Security at the National University of Sciences and Technology in Islamabad and lead author of the study, told Mongabay by phone. “Climate calamities like floods and droughts worsen these issues and further destabilize development.” Over the past six years, Gwadar has been beset by large protests and sit-ins, most reportedly linked to climate issues or government failures. In 2019, thousands of people, including&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/balochistans-gwadar-city-sits-at-the-crossroads-of-climate-and-conflict/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-291967</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Peru&#8217;s modern history of migration and settlement</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/perus-modern-history-of-migration-and-settlement/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/perus-modern-history-of-migration-and-settlement/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>12 Dec 2024 10:20:56 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/11154913/wayquecha-peru_220139-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=291467</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Cities, coca plantations, Corruption, Deforestation, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Infrastructure, Migration, Mining, Palm Oil, Plantations, Population, Rainforests, and Tropical Deforestation]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Policies designed to occupy and populate the Peruvian Amazon began about seventy years ago with the construction of a trunk highway connecting Pucallpa on the Ucayali River with Lima. Named after a Peruvian historian, the construction of the Carretera Federico Basadre is a landmark event in the nation’s history, because it provided the first reliable [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Policies designed to occupy and populate the Peruvian Amazon began about seventy years ago with the construction of a trunk highway connecting Pucallpa on the Ucayali River with Lima. Named after a Peruvian historian, the construction of the Carretera Federico Basadre is a landmark event in the nation’s history, because it provided the first reliable means of communication between the capital and the Amazonian provinces that make up more than fifty per cent of Peru’s territory. The next major initiative began when the government added a northern spur through the montane forests of the Huallaga Valley, which was intended to integrate its northern Amazonian provinces while opening a lush tropical valley to agricultural development. Construction of these two highways was financed with state resources in the 1970s, when a left-wing military government had limited access to international finance. After a return to civilian government in the 1980s, multilateral institutions financed several project-based initiatives, but these were soon sidelined when the country entered a period of civil unrest that impeded economic growth and foreign investment. The economy improved in the 1990s following the end of the civil war, and the government, then led by Alberto Fujimori, initiated a series of system-wide investments in transportation infrastructure using public money leveraged with loans from the IDB. The system-wide approach was complemented in 2000 with the Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America (IIRSA), which improved the strategic planning of highway investments in general, while promoting public-private partnerships (PPP) to&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/perus-modern-history-of-migration-and-settlement/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-291467</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Bolivia&#8217;s internal colonization and its March to the East</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/bolivias-internal-colonization-and-its-march-to-the-east/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/bolivias-internal-colonization-and-its-march-to-the-east/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>05 Dec 2024 16:30:47 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/12/03193022/bolivia_drone_190309-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=291144</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Colonization, Deforestation, Governance, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Industrial Agriculture, Infrastructure, Lithium, Migration, Mining, Population, Rainforests, and Soy]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[In the middle decades of the twentieth century, Bolivian society was profoundly traumatized by the Chaco War and the loss of about thirty per cent of its national territory; before that, it had ceded Acre to Brazil and its coastal provinces to Chile. Schoolchildren learn at an early age that Bolivia lost those territories because [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[In the middle decades of the twentieth century, Bolivian society was profoundly traumatized by the Chaco War and the loss of about thirty per cent of its national territory; before that, it had ceded Acre to Brazil and its coastal provinces to Chile. Schoolchildren learn at an early age that Bolivia lost those territories because the country failed to occupy them. Consequently, it welcomed the assistance in 1942 when a team of economists sponsored by the US Embassy outlined a strategy for focusing future development on the sparsely populated plains of its eastern lowland territories. Known as Plan Bohan, after its lead author, the document outlined a series of investments and resettlement initiatives that were referred to as the ‘Marcha hacia el Oriente’. In the 1950s and 1960s, this strategy led to the construction of all-weather roads linking the Andean highlands with the lowlands in Santa Cruz, Cochabamba and La Paz. US financial assistance via the Alliance for Progress was part of a broader strategy to combat the spread of leftist ideologies, particularly the guerilla insurgency led by Che Guevara in 1967. Multilateral agencies subsequently supported key investments, including highways linking the Chapare colonization zone with the agro-industrial landscapes of Santa Cruz, as well as export corridors to both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts. Initiatives sponsored by the World Bank to promote food security and export commodities were leveraged with private-sector investments to create an export industry and key motor of job creation. The two landscapes impacted by these investments,&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/12/bolivias-internal-colonization-and-its-march-to-the-east/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-291144</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The effects of mass migration in Brazil in the second half of the twentieth century</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-effects-of-mass-migration-in-brazil-in-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth-century/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-effects-of-mass-migration-in-brazil-in-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth-century/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>22 Nov 2024 17:03:05 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/11/07195037/PORTADA-Brazil_Sao-Joao-da-Baliza_Roraima_0o88_-60o05y2021-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=289833</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Brazil, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Deforestation, Environment, Forest Destruction, Forest Loss, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Industry, Infrastructure, Land Conflict, Mining, Politics, Rainforest Destruction, Rainforests, and Threats To Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The most recent, largest and probably last migratory wave into the Amazon started in the 1960s with the initiation of infrastructure projects and land distribution programmes in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Each country had its version of these policies, but the objective was clear in the universal adoption of the term ‘colonization’, the [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The most recent, largest and probably last migratory wave into the Amazon started in the 1960s with the initiation of infrastructure projects and land distribution programmes in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru and Ecuador. Each country had its version of these policies, but the objective was clear in the universal adoption of the term ‘colonization’, the names of key institutions and the self-identification of its participants as ‘Colonos’. Like previous epochs, the policies and events had strong regional variations that reflected the origin of the immigrants and the cultural traditions they brought with them into the Amazon. Brazil Policy initiatives to develop the Amazon were organized and financed by multiple agencies, reflecting an ‘all of government’ approach of the military government that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. It was a logical extension of policies initiated by previous civilian governments, most notably the Marcha para o Oeste and the decision to relocate the federal capital to Brasília. In 1966, the military government launched Operação Amazônia, which was summarized by the slogan: ‘Bring people without land to a land without people.’ Integral to this policy of migration and settlement was the intention to physically occupy the landscapes bordering neighboring countries. Special incentives included land grants, exemption from federal income and excise taxes, and a progressive land tax that encouraged the conversion of forest to crop land or pasture. The initiative also established the concept of the ‘Legal Amazon’, which designated which states of the federal union were eligible for the fiscal incentives.&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-effects-of-mass-migration-in-brazil-in-the-second-half-of-the-twentieth-century/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-289833</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>In a Noah’s Ark move, PNG migrants bring thousands of trees to safer ground</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/in-a-noahs-ark-move-png-climate-migrants-bring-thousands-of-trees-to-safer-ground/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/in-a-noahs-ark-move-png-climate-migrants-bring-thousands-of-trees-to-safer-ground/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>21 Nov 2024 17:25:18 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Thibault Le Pivain]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Latoya Abulu]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/11/21170737/Carterets-outrigger-e1732209528515-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=290430</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Asia, Pacific Ocean, Papua, Papua New Guinea, and Southeast Asia]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Adaptation, Adaptation To Climate Change, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Conservation, Erosion, Human Migration, Medicinal Plants, Migration, Plants, Sea Levels, Traditional Medicine, Trees, and Water]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[BOUGAINVILLE, Papua New Guinea — The climate is changing, science shows. And according to some estimates, it could create anywhere between 200 million and 1.2 billion climate refugees by 2050. As people flee floods, failed harvests, dried rivers or destroyed homes, what becomes of the ecosystems they leave behind? Of the wildlife, trees and endemic [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[BOUGAINVILLE, Papua New Guinea — The climate is changing, science shows. And according to some estimates, it could create anywhere between 200 million and 1.2 billion climate refugees by 2050. As people flee floods, failed harvests, dried rivers or destroyed homes, what becomes of the ecosystems they leave behind? Of the wildlife, trees and endemic species? In the southwestern Pacific, people are bringing much of this biodiversity along with them. The residents of the Carteret Islands in Papua New Guinea are responding to climate threats by moving not only themselves to safer ground — but also the plants and trees that sustain their way of life. In their move, they have transplanted hundreds of specimens, representing dozens of species, across a small stretch of ocean. “We’re not just leaving. We’re trying to bring a part of our islands with us,” says Maria Kamin, who left the Carteret Islands to relocate with other families in response to rising sea levels. They’ve moved to Bougainville, another island part of the country. In their new home, this vegetation, combined with local flora, have helped establish a thriving forest of 175,000 trees and plants. During this “green migration,” residents tell Mongabay they hope to preserve not only the biodiversity of their native islands as conditions worsen, but also their culture and sense of place. Maria Kamin walks in the forest in Bougainville which villagers planted using tree species brought over from the Carteret Island. Image by Thibault Le Pivain. Carrying home forward Few people&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/in-a-noahs-ark-move-png-climate-migrants-bring-thousands-of-trees-to-safer-ground/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-290430</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The calm before the storm: The first half of the 20th century in the Pan Amazon</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-calm-before-the-storm-the-first-half-of-the-20th-century-in-the-pan-amazon/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-calm-before-the-storm-the-first-half-of-the-20th-century-in-the-pan-amazon/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>14 Nov 2024 11:15:25 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/11/07193744/WWII-soldados-do-boracha-768x489.jpeg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=289832</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Brazil, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Colonization, Culture, Deforestation, Governance, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Industry, Plantations, Politics, Population, Rainforest Destruction, and Rubber]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The period between the end of the rubber boom and the onset of the colonisation frenzy that began in the 1960s was a time of relative stasis in the Amazon. The governments negotiated the final configuration of their international borders with a series of treaties that formalised the facts-on-the-ground that had been established during the [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The period between the end of the rubber boom and the onset of the colonisation frenzy that began in the 1960s was a time of relative stasis in the Amazon. The governments negotiated the final configuration of their international borders with a series of treaties that formalised the facts-on-the-ground that had been established during the rubber boom. Amazonian rubber production did not disappear, at least not in Brazil, where the government subsidised an industry that employed tens of thousands of individuals. Revenues fell from US$ 2.8 billion in 1910 to less than US$ 175 million by 1925, while domestic consumption stabilised at between 15,000 and 20,000 tons per year. Most of the migrants stayed and adapted to their new home. The collapse in the price of rubber coincided with an increase in demand for the Castanha do Para. Known in international commerce as the Brazil nut, it became popular in the United States in the 1920s, when families included it as a treat in the traditional Christmas stocking. Although harvests could be quite variable (Figure 6.6), the duopoly provided seringueiros with a level of economic security and probably avoided a mass exodus. Between 1910 and 1920, the population of Pará fell by only about 10% (50,000), but it increased by 30% in Acre (18,000) and 1.5% in Amazonas (5,000). The population stabilized at about 1.4 million in the five jurisdictions of the Northern Region until the next major geopolitical event that changed its future. Natural rubber production reached a historic&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-calm-before-the-storm-the-first-half-of-the-20th-century-in-the-pan-amazon/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-289832</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The rubber boom and its legacy in Brazil, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-rubber-boom-and-its-legacy-in-brazil-peru-bolivia-and-colombia/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-rubber-boom-and-its-legacy-in-brazil-peru-bolivia-and-colombia/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>08 Nov 2024 22:32:37 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/11/07190122/Free-Indians-Ucayaly-Hardeman-_-the-putumayo-the-devils-paradise-travels-in-the-peruvian-amazon-region-and-0a20cf-768x512.jpeg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=289817</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Commodity agriculture, Deforestation, Forests, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Industry, International Trade, Plantations, Rainforest Destruction, Rainforests, and Rubber]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The invention of vulcanized rubber (1839), followed by the popularization of bicycles (1870s) and the invention of the automobile (1886), led to exponential growth in the demand for rubber, which was manufactured from latex produced by several species of trees endemic to the Amazon forest. The supply of rubber was a component of the trade [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[The invention of vulcanized rubber (1839), followed by the popularization of bicycles (1870s) and the invention of the automobile (1886), led to exponential growth in the demand for rubber, which was manufactured from latex produced by several species of trees endemic to the Amazon forest. The supply of rubber was a component of the trade in the drogas de sertão, which included latex collected from multiple species of two genera, Hevea and Castilla. The most valuable species were members of the genus Hevea, because their latex could be tapped rather than harvested from a felled tree, as was the case for Castilla. This difference soon led to the development of a Hevea supply chain anchored in remote outposts permanently manned by individuals who would collect the latex, process it into rubber using artisanal technologies and sell it to a trader for transport downriver to an export agency in Belem, Manaus or Iquitos. At the outset, most rubber was collected by Indigenous communities residing in mission villages or Ribeirinhos who supplemented their subsistence livelihoods with trade in forest products. Strong annual growth in the demand for rubber quickly exceeded the ability of the resident population to provide a steady supply, however, stimulating the flow of migrants into the region. During the last half of the nineteenth century, mass migration was facilitated by new technologies. Telegraph systems and newspapers alerted individuals to new opportunities, while trains and steamships would transport them across oceans and continents. Social mobility catalyzed by industrialization and democratic&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/11/the-rubber-boom-and-its-legacy-in-brazil-peru-bolivia-and-colombia/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-289817</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Evolution of the Pan Amazon in the post-Jesuit era</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/evolution-of-the-pan-amazon-in-the-post-jesuit-era/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/evolution-of-the-pan-amazon-in-the-post-jesuit-era/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>31 Oct 2024 21:13:11 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/10/30231300/Ph6.2-Forte_Principe_da_Beira-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=289417</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Brazil, Ecuador, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Culture, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Land Conflict, Land Grabbing, Land Rights, Migration, Population, and Rainforests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Because of their privileged status as a transnational religious institution and their allegiance to the pope, the Jesuits enjoyed considerable autonomy from both the Spanish and Portuguese crowns. This status allowed them to avoid taxes and disregard the colonial elites, who envied their ability to monopolize labor and resources. Colonial dissatisfaction was exacerbated by palace [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Because of their privileged status as a transnational religious institution and their allegiance to the pope, the Jesuits enjoyed considerable autonomy from both the Spanish and Portuguese crowns. This status allowed them to avoid taxes and disregard the colonial elites, who envied their ability to monopolize labor and resources. Colonial dissatisfaction was exacerbated by palace intrigue in Lisbon and Madrid, as well as in Rome, which led to their expulsion from the Portuguese and Spanish empires in 1759 and 1767, respectively. In Maynas, Chiquitos and Moxos, responsibility for administering the productive assets of the reducciones was assumed by civil authorities as representatives of the crown, while the missions’ spiritual operations were passed to diocesan clergy. Wholesale dysfunction motivated the Spanish to transfer the religious system to the Franciscans in 1780, but the separation of the economic means of production from religious control denied the friars the means of supporting the missions, and by 1804 the entire system had essentially collapsed. In Maynas, the advance of the Portuguese was kept in check by the military post at Iquitos, but access to the region was now organized via the colonial towns on the upper Marañón (Jaen) and Huallaga (Moyobamba) rivers, which were linked to the coast by an Inca road that traversed a low point in the Andean Cordillera (Huancabamba Gap). Administrative control was now exercised from Lima (Virreinato del Perú) rather than Quito (Audiencia de Quito). This arrangement was formalized in 1801, when the region was organized as the Comandancia General&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/evolution-of-the-pan-amazon-in-the-post-jesuit-era/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-289417</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Impacts and legacies of migration across the Pan Amazon</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/impacts-and-legacies-of-migration-across-the-pan-amazon/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/impacts-and-legacies-of-migration-across-the-pan-amazon/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>24 Oct 2024 09:15:51 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/10/23193115/Acampamento_ao_Longo_da_Ferrovia_Madeira-Mamore_-_669_Acervo_do_Museu_Paulista_da_USP_cropped-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=289119</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Latin America, Paraguay, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Colonialism, Colonization, Culture, Diseases, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Land Rights, Migration, Population, Rainforests, and Religions]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Most of the Pan Amazonian population consists of immigrants or their descendants. They arrived over centuries, motivated by historical events that moulded their self-identity. This diverse assemblage of people represents a broad range of cultural and ethnic backgrounds, which is further stratified by economic opportunity – or the lack thereof. Immigration into the Amazon followed [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Most of the Pan Amazonian population consists of immigrants or their descendants. They arrived over centuries, motivated by historical events that moulded their self-identity. This diverse assemblage of people represents a broad range of cultural and ethnic backgrounds, which is further stratified by economic opportunity – or the lack thereof. Immigration into the Amazon followed routes that were determined by proximity and access, first via the river network and then by highways that were constructed specifically to facilitate colonization. The differences amongst the groups are reflected in their production systems, which explain, in part, why the different regions of the Amazon have followed distinct development trajectories. The first wave: Jesuits versus bandeirantes The first European explorers of the Amazon were soon followed by missionaries affiliated with the Society of Jesus, more commonly known as Jesuits. Although few in number, probably fewer less than 3,000 individuals over 150 years of mission activity, they had a massive impact on the cultural and political history of the Pan Amazon. Nominally non-state actors, these highly educated clerics played an important role in stabilizing the frontier zones that separated the Spanish and Portuguese empires. The Jesuits deliberately founded outposts in remote landscapes as part of their evangelical mission to convert native populations. Isolation, however, also allowed them to pursue their philosophical agenda free from the interference of colonial power. Their approach relied on innovative tactics, such as preaching in the native language, but their goal was also novel: to create autonomous communities based on early&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/impacts-and-legacies-of-migration-across-the-pan-amazon/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-289119</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Rural-urban migration across the Amazon Basin</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/rural-urban-migration-across-the-amazon-basin/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/rural-urban-migration-across-the-amazon-basin/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>18 Oct 2024 10:57:56 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/10/17173542/shutterstock_2153049643_REDUCIDA--768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=288925</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Bolivia, Brazil, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Deforestation, Human Migration, Land Conflict, Migration, Mining, Population, Rainforest Destruction, Rainforests, and Tropical Forests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Rural-to-urban migration is a worldwide phenomenon and the Amazon is no exception. Nonetheless, a very large proportion of its immigrants are small farmers who originally came from the High Andes and Northeastern Brazil, wagering their future on the frontier landscapes of the Pan Amazon. This flow of people into rural communities slowed dramatically after about [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Rural-to-urban migration is a worldwide phenomenon and the Amazon is no exception. Nonetheless, a very large proportion of its immigrants are small farmers who originally came from the High Andes and Northeastern Brazil, wagering their future on the frontier landscapes of the Pan Amazon. This flow of people into rural communities slowed dramatically after about 2000, when rural families began to move their primary place of residence to urban centers. In Brazil and Bolivia, they tend to move to Amazonian cities, large and small; in Amazonian Peru, Ecuador and Colombia, however, they are more likely to move to cities in the highlands or on the coast. In Brazil, the relative proportion of rural and urban residents in the Legal Amazon was approximately equivalent before 1990; however, by 2000 more than seventy per cent of residents resided in what the national census bureau considers urban areas. Most of the rural-to-urban migration has flowed to the six largest metropolitan centers: Manaus, Belem/Ananindeua, São Luiz, Cuiabá/Varzea Grande, Porto Velho and Macapá/Santana. There has been a similar expansion of intermediate and small cities, many of which are the administrative centers for municipalities renowned for their role in agricultural supply chains (Itaitatuba [AM], Sorriso, Sinop [MT], Tailândia [PA], Ji-Paraná [RO]), corporate mines (Marabá, Parauapebas, Oriximiná [PA]), wildcat mining towns (Itaituba [PA], Pontes e Lacerda (MT), or cattle landscapes renowned for high rates of deforestation (Altamira, São Félix do Xingu [PA], Humaita [AM]). Most doubled their populations between 2000 and 2010 and have been growing at&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/rural-urban-migration-across-the-amazon-basin/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-288925</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Indigenous communities in the Amazon fight for full recognition</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/indigenous-communities-in-the-amazon-jungle-fight-for-full-recognition/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/indigenous-communities-in-the-amazon-jungle-fight-for-full-recognition/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>09 Oct 2024 10:59:30 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/10/08041436/shutterstock_2155701315-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=288332</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Brazil, Guyana, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Culture, Deforestation, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Rights, Land Rights, Migration, Population, and Tropical Forests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Amazonian lowlands were home to several hundred ethnic groups living in tens of thousands of villages with a population estimated at between four and fifteen million inhabitants. Over millennia, these societies transformed landscapes along the main stem of the Amazon River and its major southern tributaries by developing [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Prior to the arrival of Europeans, the Amazonian lowlands were home to several hundred ethnic groups living in tens of thousands of villages with a population estimated at between four and fifteen million inhabitants. Over millennia, these societies transformed landscapes along the main stem of the Amazon River and its major southern tributaries by developing agricultural practices that created dark earth soils, a technology that improved the physical and chemical properties of tropical soils, increased their productivity and ensured their sustainable use over centuries. These rural societies for the most part lacked large urban centers, but were sufficiently sophisticated to domesticate dozens of plant species and manipulate natural populations in native forests to create managed groves dominated by species that provided food and fiber. Simultaneously, cultures occupying the seasonal forest and savanna regions on the southern rim of the Amazon engineered landscapes by building mounds, causeways and ditch systems that improved crop yields while creating logistical systems that supported even denser populations. Tragically, all of these societies collapsed in the fifteenth and sixteenth and centuries, when epidemics caused by pathogens introduced during the Colombian Exchange burned through their communities. Although archaeology has yet to discover all the gruesome details, these societies were particularly susceptible to pandemics because of their relatively high population density and a trade network that promoted cultural interactions. The population is believed to have fallen to fewer than 400,000 individuals in a cataclysmic demographic collapse. The number of ethnic groups that existed before the ‘Great Dying’ is&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/indigenous-communities-in-the-amazon-jungle-fight-for-full-recognition/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-288332</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>The people who make up the Pan-Amazonian melting pot: regional demographics</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/the-people-who-make-up-the-pan-amazonian-melting-pot-the-demographics-of-a-region/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/the-people-who-make-up-the-pan-amazonian-melting-pot-the-demographics-of-a-region/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>04 Oct 2024 20:50:42 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/10/03204417/shutterstock_1826399957-copy-768x512.jpeg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=288185</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Brazil, Colombia, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Biodiversity, Conservation, Deforestation, Environment, Forests, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Migration, Population, Rainforest Destruction, Rainforests, and Sustainable Development]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[One reason it is possible to be optimistic about the future of the Pan Amazon is that none of the countries must deal with an impending demographic explosion. This was not always the case. In the 1970s, high birth rates and Roman Catholic traditions suggested that Latin America was facing a demographic time bomb. Populations [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[One reason it is possible to be optimistic about the future of the Pan Amazon is that none of the countries must deal with an impending demographic explosion. This was not always the case. In the 1970s, high birth rates and Roman Catholic traditions suggested that Latin America was facing a demographic time bomb. Populations in Amazonian countries were expanding by 2.4% to 3.5 % annually, a rate that would have doubled their population every twenty years. The colonization schemes of the 1970s and 1980s were conceived, in part, to create a safety valve for an expanding population. Except for Venezuela, population growth in the Pan Amazonian countries has fallen to between 1% and 0.5% per year, placing them in a group of countries that includes the United States, Canada and Spain. Brazil has the lowest rate, while Ecuador and Bolivia have the highest. Venezuela has complicated this panorama with its economic implosion, which has led to the mass migration of approximately seven million economic refugees between 2014 and 2023. Most have resettled in Colombia, Ecuador and Peru, which show uncharacteristically high growth rates during those years. The population growth of the Pan Amazon, stratified by country and temporal period. The mean annual change shows a peak in the 1980s and 1990s. Data sourced from national statistical agencies: Bolivia (INE); Brazil (IBGE); Colombia (DANE); Ecuador (INEC); F. Guiana (INSEE); Guyana (BS); Peru (INEI); Suriname (ABS); Venezuela (INE). Currently, the jurisdictions within the Pan Amazon are home to approximately 43 million&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/10/the-people-who-make-up-the-pan-amazonian-melting-pot-the-demographics-of-a-region/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-288185</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>CHAPTER 6. Culture and demographics defines the Pan Amazon&#8217;s present</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/chapter-6-culture-and-demographics-defines-the-pan-amazons-present/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/chapter-6-culture-and-demographics-defines-the-pan-amazons-present/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>25 Sep 2024 11:56:55 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Timothy J. Killeen]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Mayra]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/09/23171803/PORTADA_CH6-inicio-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=287727</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Perfect Storm in the Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Brazil, Colombia, Latin America, Peru, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Agriculture, Biodiversity, Colonialism, Conservation, Culture, Deforestation, Environment, Environmental Policy, extractives, Forest Loss, Forests, Governance, Human Migration, Indigenous Peoples, Migration, Natural Resources, Oil, Politics, Population, Rainforests, Regulations, and Tropical Forests]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[Infrastructure investments, agricultural production systems, land speculation and the exploitation of mineral resources have all been identified as drivers of deforestation and hydrological degradation in the Pan Amazon. These forces do not act in isolation, but are the consequence of people who act within cultural spaces defined by history and circumstance. Farmers, ranchers, miners, urban [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[Infrastructure investments, agricultural production systems, land speculation and the exploitation of mineral resources have all been identified as drivers of deforestation and hydrological degradation in the Pan Amazon. These forces do not act in isolation, but are the consequence of people who act within cultural spaces defined by history and circumstance. Farmers, ranchers, miners, urban elites and the blue-collar workforce are all people pursuing their individual economic interests. Politicians respond to citizens’ demands for economic growth, job creation and an improved standard of living, while businesspeople seek to make a profit and increase their shareholders’ net worth. By necessity or design, people make decisions with extremely short horizons and are usually forced to choose among a limited number of options determined by public policies and market exigencies. The current state of the Pan Amazon is product of a complex dynamic that has evolved over centuries. Paramount is the resiliency of its Indigenous cultures, which have withstood the onslaught of colonial and republican exploitation, particularly the events of a rubber boom (1879–1912) and the nationalist development policies of the last half of the twentieth century, when governments adopted policies specifically designed to populate and transform their Amazonian provinces. Migration has radically transformed the Amazon, creating a population that is highly dependent on the conventional economy and global commodity markets. Although the development policies that transformed the region after 1970 were largely focused on rural production strategies, internal migration has led to a concentration of people – and talent – in the&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/09/chapter-6-culture-and-demographics-defines-the-pan-amazons-present/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-287727</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Alis Ramírez: A defender of the Colombian Amazon now living as a refugee in New Zealand</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/04/alis-ramirez-the-defender-of-the-colombian-amazon-now-living-as-a-refugee-in-new-zealand/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2024/04/alis-ramirez-the-defender-of-the-colombian-amazon-now-living-as-a-refugee-in-new-zealand/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>08 Apr 2024 19:18:56 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Laila Abu Shihab Vergara]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Latoya Abulu]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2024/04/08141020/2-Alis-Ramirez-1-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=280713</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Amazon Illegal Deforestation and Women Defenders of the Colombian Amazon]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Colombia, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Activism, Conservation, Crime, Endangered Environmentalists, Environment, Environmental Refugees, Forest Loss, Forests, Illegal Logging, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Reserves, Indigenous Rights, Land Rights, Logging, Mining, Rainforests, Violence, and Women In Science]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[This story is part of a Mongabay series on female environmental defenders in the Amazon. Read about the lives and work of Soraida Chindoy, Maydany Salcedo, and Etelvina Ramos. “Don’t go to Zabaleta because they’re going to kill you.” “Why are they going to kill me if I haven’t done anything?” “They’re going to kill [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[This story is part of a Mongabay series on female environmental defenders in the Amazon. Read about the lives and work of Soraida Chindoy, Maydany Salcedo, and Etelvina Ramos. “Don’t go to Zabaleta because they’re going to kill you.” “Why are they going to kill me if I haven’t done anything?” “They’re going to kill you, please don’t go to your house.” “How do you know that?” “Someone told me: ‘Tell your sister, for the love of God, to not to get involved because they’ve already planned that they’ll kill her when she enters the town.’” This unexpected, hurried, and difficult conversation occurred on August 7, 2018, between María Alis Ramírez, an environmental defender from the southern Colombian department of Caquetá, and one of her nine siblings. Alis Ramírez, 55, lived in a very small jungle town called Zabaleta, which has no more than 300 homes and belongs to the municipality of San José del Fragua. “I was alone; I was working at the edge of Belén de los Andaquíes [another municipality in Caquetá], and when I received that call from my brother, some people helped me run down some slopes and catch a bus that would take me away from there as quickly as possible,” said Alis Ramírez. She now lives in Wellington, the capital of New Zealand, which is 12,700 kilometers (over 7,800 miles) from the home she has not been able to return to since that day. As an environmental defender in one of the most dangerous&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2024/04/alis-ramirez-the-defender-of-the-colombian-amazon-now-living-as-a-refugee-in-new-zealand/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-280713</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Texas ocelot breeding and reintroduction may offer new route to recovery</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/11/texas-ocelot-breeding-and-reintroduction-may-offer-new-route-to-recovery/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/11/texas-ocelot-breeding-and-reintroduction-may-offer-new-route-to-recovery/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>21 Nov 2023 17:38:05 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Erik Iverson]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Glenn Scherer]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2023/11/21171312/0_ocelot_BANNER-IMAGE-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=275724</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[North America, Texas, and United States]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Animals, Biodiversity, Cats, Conservation, Environment, Habitat, Habitat Loss, Human Migration, Infrastructure, Mammals, Mongabay Data Studio, Roadkill, Roads, Small Cats, Wildlife, and Wildlife Corridors]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[With dwindling U.S. ocelot populations facing little hope for expansion, an innovative public-private alliance is gearing up to breed and reintroduce a new population. They’ll face uniquely Texan conservation challenges and opportunities.]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[KINGSVILLE, Texas — That ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are native to the United States may come as a big surprise to many people. But the small wildcats, more commonly associated with Central and South America, once ranged across much of the Southwestern U.S., though today they survive in only two small populations isolated on the Texas Gulf Coast — totaling fewer than 100 individuals and beginning to suffer from inbreeding. That could be about to change, as an ambitious new agreement between the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and several state and private partners aims to return the endangered ocelot to parts of the species’ historic range. The plan: Breed the animals in captivity, then reintroduce them to the wild in hope of establishing a new population in a larger patch of good habitat 75 miles west of the current ones (see map). This reintroduction could secure the future of ocelots in the U.S. against a potential disaster like a hurricane or disease outbreak and offer opportunities for them to recolonize more of their former range on their own. The new population would also be free from some of the daunting obstacles encircling the coastal populations, such as agricultural expansion, home building and road construction. But the reintroduction faces challenges. It will take place entirely on private lands, without a large wildlife refuge or park to anchor the new population. In addition, while dispersal corridors to Mexico’s ocelot population are still open to the west, construction of the border wall&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/11/texas-ocelot-breeding-and-reintroduction-may-offer-new-route-to-recovery/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-275724</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Can land titles save Madagascar’s embattled biodiversity and people?</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/can-land-titles-save-madagascars-embattled-biodiversity-and-people/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/can-land-titles-save-madagascars-embattled-biodiversity-and-people/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>14 Aug 2023 10:29:02 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Malavika Vyawahare]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Rebecca Kessler]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[global forests]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2023/08/10183840/Villagers-traverse-the-Baobab-Avenue-on-their-way-to-work-in-the-fields-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=272018</guid>

					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Africa, East Africa, and Madagascar]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Bioenergy, Biofuels, charcoal, Climate Change, Community Development, Conservation, Conservation Solutions, Deforestation, Desertification, Drought, Environment, Extreme Weather, Fires, Flooding, Forest Loss, Forests, Fuelwood, Governance, Human Migration, Mongabay Data Studio, Protected Areas, Solutions, and Trees]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[AGNARAFALY and MENABE, Madagascar — For Soja and his family, who escaped starvation bred by drought, the December rain hammering their corrugated metal roof should be welcome. But rains are a mixed blessing even in this parched region. The downpours turned the Agnarafaly camp for drought-stricken families into a swamp, flooding the shelters. Agnarafaly, in [&#8230;]]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[AGNARAFALY and MENABE, Madagascar — For Soja and his family, who escaped starvation bred by drought, the December rain hammering their corrugated metal roof should be welcome. But rains are a mixed blessing even in this parched region. The downpours turned the Agnarafaly camp for drought-stricken families into a swamp, flooding the shelters. A flooded shelter at the Agnarafaly camp. Image by Malavika Vyawahare / Mongabay. Agnarafaly, in the rural commune of Ifotaka, lies on the border between Anosy and Androy, two regions hit hardest by the drought gripping Madagascar’s deep south, or Grand Sud. Policymakers and experts blame internal migration from the arid south for everything from rising insecurity and social tensions to devastating forest loss in one of the planet’s most biodiverse places. The Malagasy government established the Agnarafaly settlement under its Titre Vert, or Green Title, initiative, an attempt to find a lasting solution to a complex problem. By providing a desperate few with the essentials­ — a roof over their heads and a slice of land to till — the government is leaning on potential migrants to remain in the south. In regions where migrants are already present in large numbers, Titre Vert settlements aim to soothe conflicts with locals and safeguard rapidly disappearing forests. “You have sheep, goats and poultry. All your cultivation plots are equipped with drip [irrigation] systems,” Malagasy President Andry Rajoelina said, speaking at the inauguration of the Agnarafaly settlement in May 2021. “The aim is to ensure your livelihood so you&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/08/can-land-titles-save-madagascars-embattled-biodiversity-and-people/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-272018</doi>				</item>
						<item>
					<title>Divided by mining: Vale’s new rail track fractures an Amazon Indigenous group</title>
					<link>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/07/divided-by-mining-vales-new-rail-track-fractures-an-amazon-indigenous-group/</link>
					<comments>https://news.mongabay.com/2023/07/divided-by-mining-vales-new-rail-track-fractures-an-amazon-indigenous-group/#respond</comments>
					<pubDate>17 Jul 2023 10:00:20 +0000</pubDate>
											<dc:creator>
							<![CDATA[Maurício AngeloSarah Sax]]>
						</dc:creator>
										<author>
						<![CDATA[Alexandre de Santi]]>
					</author>
							<category><![CDATA[Amazon]]></category>
										<enclosure url="https://imgs.mongabay.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/20/2023/07/14161235/8-Katia-Silene-2-768x512.jpg" type="image/jpeg" />
					<guid isPermaLink="false">https://news.mongabay.com/?p=270935</guid>

											<reporting-project>
							<![CDATA[Indigenous Peoples and Conservation and Land rights and extractives]]>
						</reporting-project>
					
											<locations>
							<![CDATA[Amazon, Brazil, Latin America, and South America]]>
						</locations>
					
											<topic-tags>
							<![CDATA[Conflict, Conservation, Dams, Deforestation, Environment, Environmental Refugees, Governance, Human Rights, Indigenous Peoples, Indigenous Reserves, Indigenous Rights, Infrastructure, Land Conflict, Land Grabbing, Land Rights, Logging, Mining, Politics, and Resource Conflict]]>
						</topic-tags>
					
					
											<description>
							<![CDATA[The mining giant has secured permission to build a second railroad track that cuts through Amazon's Mãe Maria Indigenous Territory, prompting complaints from Indigenous leaders who say Vale applied maneuvers they consider unethical and that the extension will cause greater environmental damage.]]>
						</description>
																					<content:encoded>
							<![CDATA[PARÁ, Brazil — Deep inside the hills of Parauapebas, a medium-sized city in the Amazonian state of Pará, lies Vale&#8217;s Brazilian Serra Sul mining project. Iridescent pools of blue and green alongside gaping red holes only hint at the wealth that lies beneath. The mining project, known commonly by its abbreviation S11D, is the largest iron ore project in the world. It produces 90 million metric tons of the critical mineral used to make steel, the foundation for everything from bridges to skyscrapers, and is in high demand in industrializing nations like China. Alongside iron ore, copper, manganese, nickel and gold deposits are also found here, guaranteeing Vale&#8217;s position among the five largest mining companies in the world. In recent years, Vale continually broke records for profits: 95.9 billion reais ($19.5 billion) in 2022 and 121 billion reais ($24.7 billion) in 2021. But the success of the project hinges on one crucial component: a train line that runs 892 kilometers (554 miles) from Parauapebas to the Port of Itaqui in São Luís, Maranhão, where it is then loaded into large ships destined for China and Europe. Constructed in 1985, the Carajás Railroad has come under heavy criticism from Indigenous groups, Quilombolas, and other communities that live along the length of the 892 km (554 miles) track. Several people have died crossing the train lines, where kilometers of rail cars screech 35 times a day alongside countless animals whose corpses dot the railway line. The constant rumble has destabilized houses and&hellip;This article was originally published on <a href="https://news.mongabay.com/2023/07/divided-by-mining-vales-new-rail-track-fractures-an-amazon-indigenous-group/" data-wpel-link="internal">Mongabay</a>]]>
						</content:encoded>
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					<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
										<doi>https://doi.org/10.66709/news-270935</doi>				</item>
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