Indonesian govt won’t allow palm oil companies to protect forests
Oil palm plantation in Borneo.
A law passed by the Indonesian government last month makes it even more difficult for palm oil companies to conserve tracts of wildlife-rich and carbon-dense forests within their concessions, potentially undermining these producers’ commitments to phase deforestation out of their supply chains, warns a new report published by Greenomics, an Indonesian environmental group.
The report focuses on the zero deforestation policy established in 2011 by Golden-Agri Resources (GAR), Indonesia s largest palm oil producer. It looks at how well that commitment is being implemented for a pilot project across eight concessions in West and Central Kalimantan, provinces in Indonesian Borneo.
Based on analysis of satellite imagery and government data, the study finds that GAR is effectively protecting high carbon stock (HCS) areas in seven of those concessions, all located in West Kalimantan. These ares amount to some 25,000 hectares (ha) of a total concession area of nearly 116,000 ha.
The 20,000 ha PT PGM concession in West Kalimantan has some 4,700 ha of HCS forest. Image courtesy of Greenomics.
But the concession in Central Kalimantan is showing less signs of success, with several areas of high carbon stock forest apparently losing forest cover.
“PT BAT – which operates one of GAR’s concessions in Central Kalimantan – occupies a concession area of nearly 14,000 hectares, of which more than 42%, or more than 5,800 hectares, consists of HCS forests. The Landsat 8 satellite image dated 1 June 2013 shows that there are blocks of HCS forests whose land cover has been opened up. These blocks range from small to relatively large in area, and they are being opened up at an increasing rate,” states the report.
“Unlike the other GAR palm oil concessions in West Kalimantan, it can be said that the HCS forests in the BAT concession in Central Kalimantan are not being properly protected.”
Global Forest Watch maps showing the PT PGM concession pictured above, including recent forest loss, primary forest cover, and the extent of the concession. Interactive map available here.
But while Greenomics concludes that GAR has overall been successful in conserving high carbon stock forests within its concessions, it warns that a new law may make those gains fleeting.
“GAR has successfully demonstrated its commitment to conserving the HCS forests in its palm oil plantations. However, in the long run these HCS forests are legally threatened because, by law, the land on which they stand must be use for the development of palm oil plantations,” said the report.
The problem is the lands GAR has set aside for conservation are classified as “plantable” by the Indonesian government. Under a September 29, 2014 revision to the Plantation Act, any area under a Hak Guna Usaha/HGU (Right of Cultivation) permit must be fully cleared and converted for its intended purpose within six years of the license being granted. If the land isn’t cultivated, it can then be seized by the state and turned over to an entity that will convert the area. Any company that fails to abide by the regulation is subject to fines and revocation of its business license.
In the case of GAR, that means there are no guarantees that areas set aside for conservation will be protected in the long-term. The government may take away those forests and re-grant the concessions to firms that don’t have zero deforestation commitments. GAR could even be reprimanded for its conservation efforts.
And any attempt to incorporate these areas into a nationwide moratorium on new forestry concessions will lack legal grounding because the moratorium applies only to new concessions, not existing ones, according to the report.
Deforestation for oil palm plantations in Malysian Borneo.
But all is not lost. The report notes there may be an opportunity within the new regulation to legally sanction conservation set asides.
“However, the new legislation also provides a significant legal opportunity in the form of the mandate provided by the Act for the issuance of a Government Regulation on procedures for the prevention of environmental damage in land clearance and cultivation,” says Greenomics. “If the opening up of HCS forests can be categorized as an activity that causes environmental damage — meaning that the conservation of HCS forests constitutes an effort to prevent environmental damage — then the HCS forests that have and will be set aside by palm oil plantation companies will be capable of being conserved in the long-term as part of the overall effort to prevent environmental damage.”
The government will thus have to make a conscious effort to support private companies’ conservation initiatives. Or in other words, the government is part of the problem and therefore must be part of the solution.
“The new Indonesian government needs to put in place an adequate legal basis for plantation companies that wish to conserve HCS forests during the development of their palm oil plantations. In particular, the conservation of HCS forests must no longer be equated, from the legal perspective, with the neglect of land.”
Failing to do so will undermine zero deforestation commitments as well as Indonesia’s pledge to curb greenhouse gas emissions, the majority of which result from logging and conversion of peatlands and forests to plantations.
CITATION: Greenomics-Indonesia. Golden Agri demonstrates real commitment to HCS forest conservation but legal threat lies ahead October 2014.